The Effect of Financial Resources on Fertility: Evidence from Administrative Data on Lottery Winners

This paper utilizes wealth shocks from winning lottery prizes to examine the effect of financial resources on fertility. Using administrative data on Taiwanese lottery winners and a difference-in-differences design, we compare the trend in fertility between households receiving lottery prizes of more than 1 million NT$(33,000 US$) with those winning less than 10,000 NT$(330 US$). The results show that the receipt of a big lottery prize significantly increases fertility, and effects are driven by households with less financial resources. Moreover, big lottery wins mainly trigger childless households to have children and induce people to get married earlier

(Z)-4-(2-Hy­droxy­benzyl­idene)-1-methyl-2-phenyl-1H-imidazol-5(4H)-one

In the title compound, C17H14N2O2, the asymmetric unit comprises two mol­ecules that are comformationally similar [the dihedral angles between the phenyl rings in each are 46.35 (2) and 48.04 (3)°], with the conformation stabilized by intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, which generate S(7) rings. In the crystal, inversion-related mol­ecules are linked by pairs of weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming dimers with an R 2 2(16) graph-set motif. Weak inter-ring π–π stacking is observed in the structure, the shortest centroid-to-centroid distance being 3.7480 (13) Å

Hydrothermal–galvanic couple synthesis of directionally oriented BaTiO3 thin films on TiN-coated substrates

AbstractBaTiO3 films were synthesized on TiN-coated Si substrate below 100°C by a hydrothermal–galvanic couple technique in barium contained alkaline solutions. X-ray diffraction and electron backscatter diffraction results show that the BaTiO3 thin films were directionally oriented grown on the TiN/Si substrates, i.e., (111) BaTiO3 over (111) TiN. The surface morphologies revealed that BaTiO3 nucleated and grew over the TiN surface with a single layer. From kinetic analyses, the growth rates of BaTiO3 films prepared by the hydrothermal–galvanic couple technique were faster than a hydrothermal method. The galvanic effects were confirmed by investigating the induced currents and energies. The galvanic currents were generated and controlled by both the dissolution of TiN and the formation of BaTiO3. The output electric energies increased rapidly with the reaction time and leveled off at the full coverage of BaTiO3

(E)-4-[(4-Diethyl­amino-2-hy­droxy­benzyl­idene)amino]­benzonitrile

The title compound, C18H19N3O, displays an E conformation with respect to the C=N double bond. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the two benzene rings is 24.49 (3)°. An intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond generates an S(6) ring. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by nonclassical inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds to form an infinite one-dimensional chain along [010], generating a C(8) motif

A White-Light-Emitting Small Molecule: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Optical Properties

A white-light-emitting small molecule (1) was synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 undergoes an excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reaction, resulting in a tautomer that is in equilibrium with the normal species and exhibiting a dual emission that covers almost all of the visible spectrum, and consequently generates white light. Furthermore, the geometric structures, the frontier molecular orbitals (MOs), and the potential energy curves for 1 in the ground and the first singlet excited state were fully rationalized by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations. The results show that the forward ESIPT and backward ESIPT may happen on the same timescale, enabling the excited-state equilibrium to be established

The potential impact of primary headache disorders on stroke risk

Distribution of PHDs. (DOC 55 kb

The risk of false inclusion of a relative in parentage testing – an in silico population study

Aim To investigate the potential of false inclusion of a close genetic relative in paternity testing by using computer generated families. Methods 10 000 computer-simulated families over three generations were generated based on genotypes using 15 short tandem repeat loci. These data were used in assessing the probability of inclusion or exclusion of paternity when the father is actually a sibling, grandparent, uncle, half sibling, cousin, or a random male. Further, we considered a duo case where the mother’s DNA type was not available and a trio case including the mother’s profile. Results The data showed that the duo scenario had the highest and lowest false inclusion rates when considering a sibling (19.03 ± 0.77%) and a cousin (0.51 ± 0.14%) as the father, respectively; and the rate when considering a random male was much lower (0.04 ± 0.04%). The situation altered slightly with a trio case where the highest rate (0.56 ± 0.15%) occurred when a paternal uncle was considered as the father, and the lowest rate (0.03 ± 0.03%) occurred when a cousin was considered as the father. We also report on the distribution of the numbers for non-conformity (non-matching loci) where the father is a close genetic relative. Conclusions The results highlight the risk of false inclusion in parentage testing. These data provide a valuable reference when incorporating either a mutation in the father’s DNA type or if a close relative is included as being the father; particularly when there are varying numbers of non-matching loci

A novel strategy for sibship determination in trio sibling model

Aim To use a virtually simulated population, generated from published allele frequencies based on 15 short tandem repeats (STR), to evaluate the efficacy of trio sibship testing and sibling assignment for forensic purposes. Methods Virtual populations were generated using 15 STR loci to create a large number of related and unrelated genotypes (10 000 trio combinations). Using these virtual populations, the probability of related and unrelated profiles can be compared to determine the chance of inclusions of being siblings if they are true siblings and the chance of inclusion if they are unrelated. Two specific relationships were tested – two reference siblings were compared to a third true sibling (3S trio, sibling trio) and two reference siblings were compared to an unrelated individual (2S1U trio, non-sibling trio). Results When the likelihood ratio was greater than 1, 99.87% of siblings in the 3S trio population were considered as siblings (sensitivity); 99.88% of non-siblings in the 2S1U trio population were considered as non-siblings (specificity); 99.9% of both populations were identified correctly as siblings and non-siblings; and the accuracy of the test was 99.88%. Conclusions The high sensitivity and specificity figures when using two known siblings compared to a putative sibling are significantly greater than when using only one known relative. The data also support the use of increasing number of loci allowing for greater confidence in genetic identification. The system established in this study could be used as the model for evaluating and simulating the cases with multiple relatives