Experience of modeling skill of memorizing short stories as a part of the development of neuro-linguistic programming techniques

The urgency of the problem under investigation is due to the interest of researchers to study the intellectual structures, namely the simulation of human mental activity, in particular, to the peculiarities of storing various content information. The purpose of the article is the realization of models, technologies memorization of short stories (“jokes”), based on a play on words, meaning unexpected resolutions, modern associations, etc. The leading approach to the study of this problem is the modeling procedure developed as a part of neuro-linguistic programming, which allows to identify and systematically describe the technology of storing short stories, and a method to the study of this problem was the experiment on memorization and reproduction of short stories based on simulated mental skills to identify the psychological characteristics this skill. The article presents the stages of development and testing of models, as well as the very model of storing short stories. Materials of the article may be useful for researchers who study memory processes, for teachers interested in learning more efficient memory technologies, as well as for a wide range of readers who want to learn the skill of memorization of short stories. © 2016 Dudina, Khamatnurov and Trubetskaya

Globalization and regionalization: Institution aspect

The urgency of the analyzed problem is due to the fact that regionalization and globalization have a dual nature and depend on the institutional system, which, in turn, affects the establishment of new rules in the economic space in which interact businesses. The purpose of the article is to justify the fact that the institutional aspect of globalization and regionalization is, above all, in the establishment of new rules and norms of the economy that affect all businesses, and one of the key roles is performed by innovation and investment institutions. The main methods in the study of this problem is the dialectical method, which allows identifying trends in the development institutions at the regional level. Results: the article proves that the development of modern market institutions is associated with the stimulation of innovation activity in the regions and the creation of innovation systems in them, the effectiveness of which depends on the degree of interconnectedness and interdependence of the national innovation system, which corresponds to the globalization processes. The data of the article may be useful in determining institutions of the Samara region that promote economic development and competitiveness of the region, as well as practical development of managerial decisions related to improving the efficiency of the use of economic and administrative resources. © 2016 Matveev et al

Psychological predictors of human hardiness formation

The relevance of the researched problem is conditioned by the growing social and psychological tension in the ever-changing post-industrial society and psychoemotional disorders affecting the human lifespan, developing on this background. The goal of the article is to disclose and analyse psychological predictors of hardiness formation, stipulating self-preservation and longevity of human. Identification of personal and reactive anxiety of young people, as well as assessment of their adaptive capacity are the leading methods in the study of this problem, allowing for complex consideration of the factors influencing the hardiness formation. The article discloses and justifies psychological indicators, serving as predictors of contemporary human hardiness, needed to overcome the difficulties of life arising in the course of personality ontogenesis. Article data may be useful for psychologists, psycho-physiologists, teachers and other professionals concerned with support and assistance to people experiencing problems in difficult situations. © 2016 Zeer et al

Clusters and their role in economic development

The urgency of the analyzed problem is due to the fact that the cluster formations have a strong influence on the economic development at the national and regional levels. The article is focused on analysis of the clusters in the Russian economy at the national and regional levels. The leading methods of research of this problem are analysis and synthesis methods, which allow identifying the peculiarities of cluster structures in the Russian economy at the present stage. The authors analyze the emerging and existing cluster formations, their sectoral focus, examine two main types of clusters in the economy of the Russian Federation - that are formed around the dominant firm and the union of small and medium-sized enterprises on the basis of mutually beneficial cooperation. The results of scientific research can be applied in the further development of clusters, both at the regional and national levels, in the development and competitive recovery of the region, as well as in the practical development of managerial decisions related to improving the efficiency of the use of economic and administrative resources. © International Economic Society

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of soil humic acid fractionated by size-exclusion chromatography and ultrafiltration

A humic acid (HA) from chernozem soil has been fractionated either by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) on Sephadex G-75 using water, Tris-HCl or 7 M urea as eluents, or by ultrafiltration (UF) in the presence of 7 M urea or water. UF-fractionated HA was classified as 100K (nominal retention size >100 000); 30K (100 000-30 000); 10K (30 000-10 000); 5K (10 000-5000). Several pools from each chromatography and all ultrafiltration retentates were assayed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The results indicate that SEC fractionation gave a better separation of HA on fractions differing in electrophoretic mobility and molecular size (MS), and that apparently SEC is a more feasible technique than UF for soil HA fractionation; nevertheless the UF in 7 M urea solution might be useful for MS evaluation of HA fractions obtained by association SEC-PAGE. PAGE in the presence of denaturing agents can be successfully used for checking the purity of HA fractions obtained by both SEC and UF.The research described in this paper was made possible in part by grant MU000 from the Interna- tional Science Foundation (ISF) and cooperative grant M U 0 3 0 0 between the Russian Government and ISF. The authors also benefitted from the Cooperation Agreement between the Russian Academy of Sciences and the C.S.I.C. and a grant from the Junta de Andalucía for scientific exchanges.Peer Reviewe

Thermochemolysis of genetically different soil humic acids and their fractions obtained by tandem size exclusion chromatography-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

Humic acids (HA) from soils of very different origin and bioclimatic conditions (podzoluvisol, phasozem, chernozem, and ferralsol) were fractionated by coupling size-exclusion chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (tandem SEC-PAGE). From each HA, three fractions-A, B, and C+D, with different molecular sizes and electrophoretic mobilities-were obtained and analysed by thermochemolysis, the products being identified subsequently by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Regardless of HA origin, fraction A contained considerably more n-fatty acids and n-alkanes derived from plant waxes than did fractions B and C+D. Lignins accumulated mainly in fractions B and C+D. These results show that tandem SEC-PAGE allowed the separation of soil HA into fractions enriched in different structural components whose distribution was independent of HA genesis.This work was supported by the travel grants from the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas–Russian Academy of Sciences Cooperation Agreement. Part of this reseach has been supported by INTAS (project 01-186) and Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project 04-05-64687-a).Peer Reviewe

Tandem size exclusion chromatography-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of humic acids

Humic acids (HAs) from four soils were fractionated by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) on Sephadex G-75. Three fractions were obtained in all humic acids, collected and assayed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The unfractionated HA from each soil was used as reference. Each chromatographic fraction formed one electrophoretic zone corresponding closely to one band of the reference sample with some admixture of the fractions preceding or following. The results indicate that fractionation of HAs by tandem SEC-PAGE can be successfully used for obtaining fractions of reduced polydispersity and different electrophoretic mobilities. Pyrolysis/methylation-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the full size preparations of HA and fractions with exactly defined molecular size and electrophoretic mobility showed a different distribution in humic components, mainly lipids, lignin derivatives and N-containing compounds.Peer Reviewe