Исследование температурного оптического коэффициента золь-гель волноводов

Review of methods for studying temperature dependence of characteristics of optical waveguides fabricated by sol-gel technique is presented. The method of studying temperature properties of effective refractive index of waveguide modes with the help of thermoelectric module Peltier is proposed and approved. This method allows to widely expand the temperature researches of materials and waveguides made of them.Проведён и систематизирован обзор методов исследования температурной зависимости характеристик оптических волноводов на основе плёнок, изготовленных по золь-гель технологии. Предложена и опробована методика температурных исследований эффективного показателя преломления волноводных мод с помощью термоэлектрического модуля Пельтье. Данная методика отличается простотой и удобством и при этом позволяет существенно расширить возможности температурных исследований волноводов и материалов, из которых они изготовлены

Growth of Si-Doped Polycrystalline Diamond Films on AlN Substrates by Microwave Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition

Microcrystalline diamond films doped with silicon have been grown on aluminum nitride substrates by a microwave plasma CVD. The doping has been performed via adding silane in various concentrations to CH4-H2 reaction gas mixture in course of the deposition process. The films produced at the substrate temperatures of 750 to 950°C have been characterized by SEM, AFM, Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy to assess the effect of Si doping on the diamond structure. The doped films showed bright photoluminescence of silicon-vacancy (SiV) color centers at 738 nm wavelength as well as noticeable side band at 723 nm. The optimum doping condition (SiH4/CH4 = 0.6%), that maximize the SiV PL emission, was determined for the range of silane concentrations SiH4/CH4 (0.0 - 0.9%) explored. A further PL enhancement can be achieved by increase in the substrate temperature. The applied in situ doping from gas phase is shown to be an easy and effective method to incorporate Si in diamond in a controllable way

Свойства плёнок диоксида титана, изготовленных по гель-технологии

Titanium dioxide films obtained by gel method are investigated. Optical properties of the fabricated films, such as thickness, refractive index and thermo-optic coefficient were studied by the methods of integrated optics which use waveguide propagation of radiation along the film. The parameters of the films fabricated by sol-gel and gel methods were compared. It was established that the pores in the films made by gel method contain smaller amounts of water and therefore have higher density. Refractive index of gel films was determined by the resonant angle of the waveguide excitation, calculated using the optical waveguide dispersion equations and amounted to 2.1-2.4. This value is higher than in the case of using sol-gel technology for fabrication of thin films (1.5-1.8). By the reflection and transmission spectra obtained using spectrophotometer, it was found that films produced under cetrain parameters of technological regime have anisotropic properties. It was established that the presence of anisotropy is due to the structure of the film in the form of a linear oligomer. The structure and morphology of the gel films was studied by electron microscopy. It is shown that the resulting films have a porous structure that allows their doping with substances allowing to create elements of integrated optics, such as lasers, amplifiers, etc.Исследованы плёнки диоксида титана, полученные гель-методом. Проведено изучение оптических свойств изготовленных плёнок, таких как толщина, показатель преломления и термооптический коэффициент, с помощью методов интегральной оптики, использующих волноводное распространение излучения вдоль плёнки. Проведено сравнение параметров изготовленных плёнок золь-гель и гель методами. Установлено, что поры в плёнках, изготовленных гель-методом, содержат меньшее количество воды и поэтому обладают большей плотностью. Показатель преломления гель-плёнок был определён по резонансному углу возбуждения волновода, рассчитан с помощью дисперсионных уравнений оптического волновода и составил 2,1-2,4. Это значение выше, чем в случае золь-гель-технологии получения тонких плёнок (1,5-1,8). По спектрам пропускания и отражения, полученных с помощью спектрофотометра, было установлено наличие анизотропии в плёнках, изготовленных при определённых параметрах технологического режима. Установлено, что наличие анизотропии связано со структурой плёнки в виде линейного олигомера. Строение и морфология гель плёнок была исследована методами электронной микроскопии. Показано, что полученные плёнки имеют пористую структуру, что допускает легирование их веществами, позволяющими создавать элементы интегральной оптики, такие как лазеры, усилители и др

Свойства плёнок диоксида титана, изготовленных по гель-технологии

Titanium dioxide films obtained by gel method are investigated. Optical properties of the fabricated films, such as thickness, refractive index and thermo-optic coefficient were studied by the methods of integrated optics which use waveguide propagation of radiation along the film. The parameters of the films fabricated by sol-gel and gel methods were compared. It was established that the pores in the films made by gel method contain smaller amounts of water and therefore have higher density. Refractive index of gel films was determined by the resonant angle of the waveguide excitation, calculated using the optical waveguide dispersion equations and amounted to 2.1-2.4. This value is higher than in the case of using sol-gel technology for fabrication of thin films (1.5-1.8). By the reflection and transmission spectra obtained using spectrophotometer, it was found that films produced under cetrain parameters of technological regime have anisotropic properties. It was established that the presence of anisotropy is due to the structure of the film in the form of a linear oligomer. The structure and morphology of the gel films was studied by electron microscopy. It is shown that the resulting films have a porous structure that allows their doping with substances allowing to create elements of integrated optics, such as lasers, amplifiers, etc.Исследованы плёнки диоксида титана, полученные гель-методом. Проведено изучение оптических свойств изготовленных плёнок, таких как толщина, показатель преломления и термооптический коэффициент, с помощью методов интегральной оптики, использующих волноводное распространение излучения вдоль плёнки. Проведено сравнение параметров изготовленных плёнок золь-гель и гель методами. Установлено, что поры в плёнках, изготовленных гель-методом, содержат меньшее количество воды и поэтому обладают большей плотностью. Показатель преломления гель-плёнок был определён по резонансному углу возбуждения волновода, рассчитан с помощью дисперсионных уравнений оптического волновода и составил 2,1-2,4. Это значение выше, чем в случае золь-гель-технологии получения тонких плёнок (1,5-1,8). По спектрам пропускания и отражения, полученных с помощью спектрофотометра, было установлено наличие анизотропии в плёнках, изготовленных при определённых параметрах технологического режима. Установлено, что наличие анизотропии связано со структурой плёнки в виде линейного олигомера. Строение и морфология гель плёнок была исследована методами электронной микроскопии. Показано, что полученные плёнки имеют пористую структуру, что допускает легирование их веществами, позволяющими создавать элементы интегральной оптики, такие как лазеры, усилители и др

Integrated optical devices based on sol - Gel waveguides using the temperature dependence of the effective refractive index

A possibility of designing optical waveguide devices based on sol - gel SiO2 - TiO2 films using the temperature dependence of the effective refractive index is shown. The dependences of the device characteristics on the parameters of the film and opticalsystem elements are analysed. The operation of a temperature recorder and a temperature limiter with a resolution of 0.6 K mm-1 is demonstrated. The film and output-prism parameters are optimised. © 2014 Kvantovaya Elektronika and Turpion Ltd

Integrated optical devices based on sol–gel waveguides using the temperature dependence of the effective refractive index

A possibility of designing optical waveguide devices based on sol - gel SiO2 - TiO2 films using the temperature dependence of the effective refractive index is shown. The dependences of the device characteristics on the parameters of the film and opticalsystem elements are analysed. The operation of a temperature recorder and a temperature limiter with a resolution of 0.6 K mm-1 is demonstrated. The film and output-prism parameters are optimised. © 2014 Kvantovaya Elektronika and Turpion Ltd

Investigation of the temperature coefficient of the effective refractive index of optical sol-gel waveguides using a Peltier module

A method for studying the temperature dependence of the effective refractive index of optical waveguides was proposed and tested. The samples were heated using a Peltier thermo-optic module. This technique is simple and easy and improves the measurement accuracy and capabilities of temperature studies of optical waveguides and the materials from which they are made. Obtained dependences can be used to determine the thermo-optic coefficient of film materials. The method was tested on optical waveguides using SiO2-TiO2 films produced by sol-gel technology. © 2013 Allerton Press, Inc

Investigation of the temperature coefficient of the effective refractive index of optical sol-gel waveguides using a Peltier module

A method for studying the temperature dependence of the effective refractive index of optical waveguides was proposed and tested. The samples were heated using a Peltier thermo-optic module. This technique is simple and easy and improves the measurement accuracy and capabilities of temperature studies of optical waveguides and the materials from which they are made. Obtained dependences can be used to determine the thermo-optic coefficient of film materials. The method was tested on optical waveguides using SiO2-TiO2 films produced by sol-gel technology. © 2013 Allerton Press, Inc

Integrated optical devices based on sol - Gel waveguides using the temperature dependence of the effective refractive index

A possibility of designing optical waveguide devices based on sol - gel SiO2 - TiO2 films using the temperature dependence of the effective refractive index is shown. The dependences of the device characteristics on the parameters of the film and opticalsystem elements are analysed. The operation of a temperature recorder and a temperature limiter with a resolution of 0.6 K mm-1 is demonstrated. The film and output-prism parameters are optimised. © 2014 Kvantovaya Elektronika and Turpion Ltd