MISE AU POINT ET EVALUATION D'UNE TECHNIQUE SEROLOGIQUE PAR DOT-ELISA IGM AINSI QUE D'UNE METHODE DE RECUEIL D'ECHANTILLON POUR LE DIAGNOSTIC DE LA LEPTOSPIROSE (APPLICATION A UNE ENQUETE SERO-EPIDEMIOLOGIQUE SUR L'ILE DE MAYOTTE (DES BIOL. MED.))

LE KREMLIN-B.- PARIS 11-BU Méd (940432101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Prevalence and risk factors for HIV, hepatitis B virus, and syphilis among pregnant women in Mayotte, Indian Ocean, 2008-2009.

International audienceOBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and risk factors for HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and syphilis among pregnant women living on the Indian Ocean island of Mayotte. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 671 pregnant women at 11 prenatal clinics on Mayotte between September 15, 2008, and September 27, 2009. Sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics were collected by interviewer-administered questionnaire. Blood samples were obtained for HIV, HBV, and syphilis testing. Risk factors were analyzed by exact logistic regression. RESULTS: No prevalent case of HIV infection was detected among the study population. The prevalence of HBV surface antigen and active syphilis (defined as a positive test result by both rapid plasma reagin and Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assays) was 3.4% and 2.1%, respectively. A positive HBV surface antigen test was associated with being born in Comoros and having sex with a casual partner during the previous year. Lack of education and a history of sexually transmitted infections in the past 5 years were associated with active syphilis. CONCLUSION: The continuing low prevalence of HIV and high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among pregnant women on Mayotte confirmed the so-called "Indian Ocean paradox.

AGE Content of a Protein Load Is Responsible for Renal Performances: A Pilot Study

International audienceOBJECTIVE Chronic kidney disease is associated with higher morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes. A low-protein diet is recommended to slow diabetic nephropathy progression because each protein load leads to renal hemodynamic variations. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether the advanced glycation end products (AGE) content of a protein load is responsible for the protein-induced renal hemodynamic variations in humans. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Ten healthy subjects were assigned to a high-protein (1 g/kg) low-AGE (3,000 kU AGE) versus high-AGE (30,000 kU AGE) meal. Renal perfusion, oxygen consumption, and oxygen content were measured before and 120 min after each meal. RESULTS Renal perfusion (3.2 +/- 0.5 vs. 3.8 +/- 0.4 mL/min/g; P = 0.0002) and oxygen consumption (0.3 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.4 +/- 0.08 min(-1); P = 0.005) increased significantly after the high-AGE meal compared with the low-AGE meal. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the AGE content of a protein load is responsible for renal hemodynamic modifications. Therefore, prevention of diabetic nephropathy progression could aim predominantly at reducing food AGE content

Comparison of perfusion MRI parameters to best identify PET penumbra and final infarct: a PET/MRI simultaneous study in a stroke model

Événement(s) lié(s) : - 14. International Conference on Quantification of Brain Fuction witth PET; Yokohama (JPN) - (2019-07-04 - 2019-07-07)International audienc

Comparison of perfusion MRI parameters to best identify PET penumbra and final infarct: a PET/MRI simultaneous study in a stroke model

International audienc

Cortical inflammation and brain signs of high-risk atherosclerosis in a non-human primate model

International audienceAtherosclerosis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease, inducing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular acute events. A role of neuroinflammation is suspected, but not yet investigated in the gyrencephalic brain and the related activity at blood-brain interfaces is unknown. A non-human primate model of advanced atherosclerosis was first established using longitudinal blood samples, multimodal imaging and gene analysis in aged animals. Non-human primate carotid lesions were compared with human carotid endarterectomy samples. During the whole-body imaging session, imaging of neuroinflammation and choroid plexus function was performed. Advanced plaques were present in multiple sites, premature deaths occurred and downstream lesions (myocardial fibrosis, lacunar stroke) were present in this model. Vascular lesions were similar to in humans: high plaque activity on PET and MRI imaging and systemic inflammation (high plasma C-reactive protein levels: 42 ± 14 µg/ml). We also found the same gene association (metabolic, inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers) as in patients with similar histological features. Metabolic imaging localized abnormal brain glucose metabolism in the frontal cortex. It corresponded to cortical neuro-inflammation (PET imaging) that correlated with C-reactive protein level. Multimodal imaging also revealed pronounced choroid plexus function impairment in aging atherosclerotic non-human primates. In conclusion, multimodal whole-body inflammation exploration at the vascular level and blood-brain interfaces identified high-risk aging atherosclerosis. These results open the way for systemic and central inflammation targeting in atherosclerosis in the new era of immunotherapy

PET-MRI nanoparticles imaging of blood–brain barrier damage and modulation after stroke reperfusion

International audienceIn an acute ischaemic stroke, understanding the dynamics of blood-brain barrier injury is of particular importance for the prevention of symptomatic haemorrhagic transformation. However, the available techniques assessing blood-brain barrier permeability are not quantitative and are little used in the context of acute reperfusion therapy. Nanoparticles cross the healthy or impaired blood-brain barrier through combined passive and active processes. Imaging and quantifying their transfer rate could better characterize blood-brain barrier damage and refine the delivery of neuroprotective agents. We previously developed an original endovascular stroke model of acute ischaemic stroke treated by mechanical thrombectomy followed by positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging. Cerebral capillary permeability was quantified for two molecule sizes: small clinical gadolinium Gd-DOTA (<1 nm) and AGuIX V R nanoparticles ($5 nm) used for brain theranostics. On dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, the baseline transfer constant K trans was 0.94 [0.48, 1.72] and 0.16 [0.08, 0.33] Â10 À3 min À1 , respectively, in the normal brain parenchyma, consistent with their respective sizes, and 1.90 [1.23, 3.95] and 2.86 [1.39, 4.52] Â10 À3 min À1 in choroid plexus, confirming higher permeability than brain parenchyma. At early reperfusion, K trans for both Gd-DOTA and AGuIX V R nanoparticles was significantly higher within the ischaemic area compared to the contralateral hemisphere; 2.23 [1.17, 4.13] and 0.82 [0.46, 1.87] Â10 À3 min À1 for Gd-DOTA and AGuIX V R nanoparticles, respectively. With AGuIX V R nanoparticles, K trans also increased within the ischaemic growth areas, suggesting added value for AGuIX V R. Finally, K trans was significantly lower in both the lesion and the choroid plexus in a drug-treated group (ciclosporin A, n ¼ 7) compared to placebo (n ¼ 5). K trans quantification with AGuIX V R nanoparticles can monitor early blood-brain barrier damage and treatment effect in ischaemic stroke after reperfusion