Influencia de las barreras legales y limitación del recurso hídrico, como factor competitivo para la exportación del Solanum lycopersicum

In Peru, biodiversity enables the variety of vegetables in the regions, making viable agricultural trade abroad. Currently, there are legal barriers that have a negative influence on the competitiveness of Solanum lycopersicum exports. The study raises the negativity of the tariff barriers for the economic growth of Peru. The study method is qualitative. It worked with 26 exporting organizations, using questionnaires and secondary sources to obtain data, being a basic investigation of correlational level and transactional-descriptive design. Foreign direct investment in Peru is one of the most notable; however, it can be diversified according to the risk factor country, under the different political scenarios experienced by the countries with commercial relations. It is considered that 85.71 % of the agro-industrial exporters of Tacna process these products, 14.29 % admit not to process agro-industrial products; 57.14 % of the respondents indicate that the legal factor presents legal barriers, because 64.29 % of the respondents think that the legal structure of Peru is detrimental to exports, especially for Tacna. The variation of the existing legislation limits the planting of products destined for agro-export in Tacna, considering that it is a city that is in a desert area, for this reason 82.14 % believe that crop planning is necessary, due to the insufficiency of the resource hydricEn Perú, la biodiversidad posibilita la variedad de hortalizas en las regiones, viabilizando el comercio agrícola con el exterior. En la actualidad, existen barreras legales de influencia negativa para la competitividad de las exportaciones del Solanum lycopersicum. El estudio plantea la negatividad de las barreras arancelarias para el crecimiento económico del Perú. El método de estudio es cualitativo. Se trabajó con 26 organizaciones exportadoras, utilizando cuestionarios y fuentes secundarias para la obtención de datos, siendo una investigación básica de nivel correlacional y de diseño transaccional-descriptivo. La inversión extranjera directa en Perú es una de las más notables; sin embargo, puede diversificarse de acuerdo con el factor riesgo país, bajo los diferentes escenarios políticos vividos por los países con los que se conserva relaciones comerciales. Se considera que, el 85.71 % de los agroindustriales exportadores de Tacna procesan estos productos, el 14.29 % admite no procesar productos agroindustriales; el 57.14 % de los encuestados indica que el factor legal presenta barreras legales, porque el 64.29 % de los encuestados piensan que la estructura legal de Perú es perjudicial para las exportaciones, especialmente para Tacna. La variación de la legislación existente limita el sembrío de productos destinados a la agroexportación en Tacna, considerando que es una ciudad que se encuentra en zona desértica, por ello el 82.14 % cree que la planificación de cultivos es necesaria, debido a la insuficiencia del recurso hídrico

La energía solar y sus beneficios en la Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann en Tacna, Perú

In Peru, the use of solar panels dates from a few years, unlike developed countries. There are successful cases in the use of solar panels, demonstrated in the reduction of pollution and the economic benefits that are evidenced in the reduction of costs and expenses of electricity. The pavilion at the School of Arts of the Jorge Basadre Grohmann National University of Tacna in Peru is an example of the usefulness of renewable energy. The method used for this research is the cross-sectional deductive, non-probabilistic, with a sample for convenience, in which it was surveyed through the form, showing that 77% of the respondents (teachers, administrators and students), believe viable or convenient the adaptation or construction of pavilions in the university that use renewable energy as the main source of energy, 88% consider the adaptation and/or implementation of intelligent buildings viable or convenient, and 72.1% prefer energy through solar panels , therefore, the purpose of this research is to demonstrate the usefulness of solar energy in university pavilions for cost reduction in the university economy.En Perú la utilización de paneles solares data de pocos años, a diferencia de los países desarrollados. Existen casos exitosos en el uso de los paneles solares, demostrado en la disminución de la contaminación y los beneficios económicos que se evidencian en la disminución de costos y gastos de la   electricidad. El pabellón en la Escuela de Artes de la Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann de Tacna en Perú es ejemplo de la utilidad de la energía renovable. El método utilizado para esta investigación es el deductivo transversal, no probabilístico, con una muestra por conveniencia, en la que se encuestó a través del Google form, demostrando que el 77% de los encuestados (docentes, administrativos y estudiantes), creen viable o conveniente la adecuación o construcción de pabellones en la universidad que utilicen la energía renovable como principal fuente de energía, el 88% le parece viable o conveniente la adecuación y/o implementación de edificios inteligentes, y el 72.1% prefiere la energía a través de paneles solares, por tanto, el propósito de esta investigación es demostrar la utilidad de la energía solar en los pabellones universitarios para la reducción de costos en la economía de la universidad

Safety and immunogenicity of 3 formulations of a Sabin inactivated poliovirus vaccine produced on the PER.C6® cell line: A phase 2, double-blind, randomized, controlled study in infants vaccinated at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age

An inactivated poliovirus vaccine candidate using Sabin strains (sIPV) grown on the PER.C6® cell line was assessed in infants after demonstrated immunogenicity and safety in adults. The study recruited 300 infants who were randomized (1:1:1:1) to receive one of 3 dose levels of sIPV or a conventional IPV based on Salk strains (cIPV). Poliovirus-neutralizing antibodies were measured before the first dose and 28 days after the third dose. Reactogenicity was assessed for 7 days and unsolicited adverse events (AEs) for 28 days after each vaccination. Serious AEs (SAEs) were recorded throughout the study. Solicited AEs were mostly mild to moderate. None of the SAEs reported in the study were judged vaccine related, including one fatal SAE due to aspiration of vomitus that occurred 26 days after the third dose of low-dose sIPV. After 3 sIPV vaccinations and across all dose levels, seroconversion (SC) rates were at least 92% against Sabin poliovirus types and at least 80% against Salk types, with a dose-response in neutralizing antibody geometric mean titers (GMTs) observed across the 3 sIPV groups. Compared to cIPV, the 3 sIPV groups displayed similar or higher SC rates and GMTs against the 3 Sabin types but showed a lower response against Salk types 1 and 2; this was most visible for Salk type 1. While the PER.C6® cell line-based sIPV showed an acceptable safety profile and immunogenicity in infants, lower seroprotection against type 1 warrants optimization of dose level and additional clinical evaluation