10 research outputs found

    Powerful proteins from polyp possessing predators

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    Cnidarians are soft bodied animals possessing complex venom systems which have evolved to allow for the capture of arthropod and vertebrate prey, as well as to defend themselves against such predators. The effects of these venoms on humans, as a result of envenomation, has been studied for many decades, whereas the possibility of using these proteins to fight human disease is in its infancy. Drug discovery utilisation of Cnidarian venoms has been hampered by availability of animals and suitable extraction techniques that allow for study of such protein toxins. Studies of toxins that have been suitably purified for drug discovery have, by in large, only investigated target engagement and negated to investigate other drug like properties such as absorption, dispersion, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This chapter will review the sourcing of Cnidaria for drug discovery, extraction of venom components, actions of venoms on drug relevant targets and their suitability as drug like molecules

    Beauty from the deep: cnidarians in cosmetics

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    Cnidarian proteins are considered useful for the development of therapeutics, as well as this they have also received the attention of biotechnology and the cosmetic industries. In 2017 the first ever sea anemone venom peptide cosmetic, named SensAmone P5, was launched by Mibelle Biochemistry. This synthetic peptide is based on the interaction of APHC1, from Heteractis crispa, on the pain relevant ion channel TRPV1. This peptide reduces TRPV1 signalling in-vitro and skin sensitivity in human volunteers. Aside from venoms, jellyfish mucus and collagen are both used in cosmetic preparations. Many legal definitions of animals do not include the invertebrates and thus it is likely that invertebrate proteins are more acceptable as an alternative to mammalian proteins. Mucins are important proteins for moisturisers and using jellyfish as the source appears to be a suitable alternative to bovine and porcine proteins which were previously used. The main structural protein that supports the soft bodied jellyfish is collagen. This collagen appears to be biocompatible with human tissues and thus has been successful as a cosmetic, as well as being used in-vitro for 3D tissue engineering scaffolds. This short communication will discuss the use of Cnidarian proteins in cosmetics

    Efeitos cardiorrespiratórios do butorfanol em cães pré-tratados ou não pela levomepromazina Cardiopulmonary effects of butorphanol in dogs treated with levomepromazine

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    Objetivou-se com este experimento avaliar os efeitos do butorfanol precedido ou não pela levomepromazina sobre a freqüência cardíaca (FC), as pressões arteriais sistólica, diastólica e média (PAS, PAD e PAM, respectivamente), a freqüência respiratória (f), a concentração de dióxido de carbono ao final da expiração (ETCO2), a saturação da oxihemoglobina (SpO2), o volume corrente (VC) e o volume minuto (VM), em cães. Para tal, foram empregados vinte animais adultos, clinicamente saudáveis, distribuídos igualmente em dois grupos (GC e GL). Ao GC administrou-se solução salina a 0,9% (Controle), no volume de 0,2mL kg-1, pela via intravenosa (IV). Decorridos 15 minutos, administrou-se butorfanol na dose de 0,3mg kg-1 pela mesma via. Aos animais do GL foi adotada a mesma metodologia, porém substituindo-se a solução salina pela levomepromazina na dose de 1mg kg-1. As medidas das variáveis cardiorrespiratórias iniciaram-se imediatamente antes da aplicação dos fármacos (M1). Novas mensurações foram realizadas 15 minutos após a administração da solução salina a 0,9% ou levomepromazina (M2) e 10 minutos após a administração de butorfanol (M3). As demais colheitas foram realizadas a intervalos de 10 minutos, durante 30 minutos (M4, M5 e M6, respectivamente). Os dados numéricos colhidos foram submetidos à Análise de Variância (ANOVA), seguida pelo teste de Tukey (p<0,05) para as comparações das médias. O emprego do butorfanol promoveu diminuição significativa das freqüências cardíaca e respiratória e do volume minuto no grupo previamente tratado pela levomepromazina; entretanto, essas alterações foram discretas, não comprometendo os demais parâmetros circulatórios e respiratórios.<br>This work was aimed at evaluating the effects of the butorphanol in dogs preceded or not buy levomepromazine on heart rate (HR), systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure (SAP, DAP and MAP, respectively), respiratory rate (RR), end tidal CO2 (ETCO2), oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2), minute volume (MV) and tidal volume (TV). Twenty adult animals, clinically health were randomly distributed in two groups with ten animals each one (CG and LG). The first one received intravenous administration (IV) of 0.2mL kg-1 of saline solution at 0.9% (control). After 15 minutes, 0.3mg kg-1 of butorphanol was administrated by the same way. The same methodology was adopted to the GL animals, however, the saline solution at 0.9% was substituted to 1mg kg-1 of levomepromazine. The cardiorespiratory parameters were measured before the administration of the drugs (M1). New measurements were carried 15 minutes after saline or levomepromazine administration (M2), and 10 minutes after butorphanol administration (M3). The next M4, M5 and M6 were carried out through at intervals of 10 minutes during 30 minutes. The numeric data were submitted to the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test (p<0.05) for the comparisons of the averages. The butorfanol promoted significative decreasing on cardiac and respiratory rate and reduction on minute volume after administration of levomepromazine. However these changes were discreet and did not produce depression on other circulatory and breathing parameters

    Hemogasometria e variáveis cardiopulmonares após administração do butorfanol em cães anestesiados pelo desfluorano sob ventilação espontânea Acid-base and cardiopulmonary effects after butorphanol administration in spontaneously breathing dogs anesthetized by desflurane

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    Este experimento teve por objetivos avaliar as possíveis alterações cardiopulmonares e hemogasométricas decorrentes do uso do butorfanol em cães submetidos à anestesia pelo desfluorano sob ventilação espontânea. Para tal, foram utilizados vinte cães adultos, clinicamente saudáveis, pesando 12&plusmn;3kg. Os animais foram distribuídos igualmente em dois grupos, GS e GB, e induzidos à anestesia com propofol (8,4&plusmn;0,8mg kg-1, IV), intubados e submetidos à anestesia inalatória pelo desfluorano (10V%). Decorridos 40 minutos da indução, foi administrado aos animais do GS 0,05mL kg-1 de solução fisiológica a 0,9% (salina), enquanto que, no GB, foi aplicado butorfanol na dose de 0,4mg kg-1, ambos pela via intramuscular. As observações das variáveis freqüências cardíaca (FC) e respiratória (f), pressões arteriais sistólica (PAS), diastólica (PAD) e média (PAM), pH arterial (pH), pressão parcial de oxigênio no sangue arterial (PaO2), pressão parcial de dióxido de carbono no sangue arterial (PaCO2), déficit de base (DB), bicarbonato (HCO3) e saturação de oxigênio na hemoglobina (SatO2) tiveram início imediatamente antes da aplicação do opióide ou salina (M0). Novas mensurações foram realizadas 15 minutos após a administração do butorfanol ou salina (M15) e as demais colheitas foram realizadas a intervalos de 15 minutos, por um período de 60 minutos (M30, M45, M60 e M75). Os dados numéricos dessas variáveis foram submetidos à Análise de Perfil (P<0,05). A freqüência cardíaca apresentou alteração no GB, com média de M0 maior que as demais. As PAS, PAD e PAM, assim como a f e o pH, apresentaram valores menores após a administração do opióide no GB, em comparação ao GS. A PaO2 apresentou discretas alterações, entretanto sem significado clínico, enquanto que a PaCO2 e o DB apresentaram valores de M0 menores que os demais após a aplicação do butorfanol. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que a administração do butorfanol em cães submetidos à anestesia pelo desfluorano, sob ventilação espontânea, reduz a freqüência cardíaca e a pressão arterial e promove certo grau de hipoventilação.<br>The cardiopulmonary and acid-base effects of butorphanol in desflurane anesthetized dogs breathing spontaneously were evaluated. Twenty adult healthy, male and female dogs were used. They were separated into two groups of 10 animals each (GS and GB). Anesthesia was induced with propofol (8.4&plusmn;0.8mg kg-1 IV) and maintained with desflurane (10V%). After 40 minutes of induction, the animals from GS received saline solution at 0.9% (0.05mL kg-1) and from GB received butorphanol (0.4mg kg-1), both applied intramuscularly. Heart (HR) and respiratory (RR) rates; systolic (SAP), diastolic (DAP) and mean (MAP) arterial pressures; arterial blood pH (pH), arterial partial pressure of O2 (PaO2) and arterial partial pressure of CO2 (PaCO2); base deficit (BD), arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) and bicarbonate ion concentration (HCO3) were measured. The measurements were taken immediately before the application of the agents (M0). Serial measurements were carried out at 15 minutes intervals after the administration of butorphanol or saline up to 75 minutes (M15, M30, M45, M60 and M75). Data were submitted to Profile Analysis (P<0.05). After butorphanol administration HR, SAP, DAP and MAP decreased significantly. PaO2 had discreet alterations, however without clinical meaning. RR and pH decreased after butorphanol administration while PaCO2 increased significantly. It was possible to conclude that butorphanol administration in desflurane anesthetized dogs produced reduction in the averages of heart rate and arterial pressure and relatively to the respiratory parameters, the opioid produced hypoventilation in spontaneously breathing dogs

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