Anatomical and functional study of the medial collateral ligament complex of the elbow

OBJETIVO: Realizar um estudo anatômico do ligamento colateral medial, um importante estabilizador do cotovelo, em diferentes graus de flexo-extensão do cotovelo. MÉTODOS: Foram dissecados 40 cotovelos para analisar o comportamento funcional das bandas anterior, posterior e transversa do ligamento nas manobras de estresse em valgo do cotovelo durante seu movimento de flexão e extensão em diferentes graus. Determinou-se dois grupos: no GPA foi seccionado, a banda posterior do ligamento, depois a cápsula articular e, por fim, a banda anterior; no GAP, a ordem de dissecação foi inversa. RESULTADOS: No GPA observou-se instabilidade somente na terceira etapa e a média de abertura foi maior entre 50&º e 70&º de flexão de cotovelo; no GAP, a instabilidade apareceu desde a primeira etapa e os graus de flexão com maior instabilidade foram nos mesmos do grupo A. CONCLUSÃO: A banda anterior do ligamento colateral medial do cotovelo é o mais importante estabilizador na instabilidade em valgo do cotovelo e sua atuação principal acontece entre 50º e 70º de flexão do cotovelo. Nível de evidência III, Estudo Diagnóstico - Investigação de um exame para diagnóstico

Anatomical And Functional Study Of The Medial Collateral Ligament Complex Of The Elbow.

To carry out an anatomical study of the medial collateral ligament, an important elbow stabilizer in different degrees of elbow flexion-extension. Forty elbows were dissected in order to analyze the functional behavior of the anterior, posterior and transverse ligament bands during valgus stress maneuvers of the elbow in different degrees of flexion and extension. Two groups were determined; in the group GPA the posterior band of the ligament was sectioned initially, then the articular capsule and finally the anterior band; in group GAP this order was reversed. Instability was observed in GPA only in the third stage, when there was a greater mean elbow's opening during the flexion (between 50° and 70°); in GAP, the instability was present since the first stage; the degrees of flexion with greater instability were the same as in group GPA. The anterior band of the medial collateral ligament of the elbow is the most important stabilizer of the elbow valgus instability, and its principal action occurs between 50° and 70° of elbow flexion. Level of Evidence III, Diagnostic Studies - Investigating a diagnostic test.20334-

Estudo anatômico e funcional do complexo ligamentar colateral medial do cotovelo Anatomical and functional study of the medial collateral ligament complex of the elbow

OBJETIVO: Realizar um estudo anatômico do ligamento colateral medial, um importante estabilizador do cotovelo, em diferentes graus de flexo-extensão do cotovelo. MÉTODOS: Foram dissecados 40 cotovelos para analisar o comportamento funcional das bandas anterior, posterior e transversa do ligamento nas manobras de estresse em valgo do cotovelo durante seu movimento de flexão e extensão em diferentes graus. Determinou-se dois grupos: no GPA foi seccionado, a banda posterior do ligamento, depois a cápsula articular e, por fim, a banda anterior; no GAP, a ordem de dissecação foi inversa. RESULTADOS: No GPA observou-se instabilidade somente na terceira etapa e a média de abertura foi maior entre 50&º e 70&º de flexão de cotovelo; no GAP, a instabilidade apareceu desde a primeira etapa e os graus de flexão com maior instabilidade foram nos mesmos do grupo A. CONCLUSÃO: A banda anterior do ligamento colateral medial do cotovelo é o mais importante estabilizador na instabilidade em valgo do cotovelo e sua atuação principal acontece entre 50º e 70º de flexão do cotovelo. Nível de evidência III, Estudo Diagnóstico - Investigação de um exame para diagnóstico.OBJECTIVE: To carry out an anatomical study of the medial collateral ligament, an important elbow stabilizer in different degrees of elbow flexion-extension. METHODS: Forty elbows were dissected in order to analyze the functional behavior of the anterior, posterior and transverse ligament bands during valgus stress maneuvers of the elbow in different degrees of flexion and extension. Two groups were determined; in the group GPA the posterior band of the ligament was sectioned initially, then the articular capsule and finally the anterior band; in group GAP this order was reversed. RESULTS: Instability was observed in GPA only in the third stage, when there was a greater mean elbow's opening during the flexion (between 50º and 70º); in GAP, the instability was present since the first stage; the degrees of flexion with greater instability were the same as in group GPA. CONCLUSION: The anterior band of the medial collateral ligament of the elbow is the most important stabilizer of the elbow valgus instability, and its principal action occurs between 50º and 70º of elbow flexion. Level of Evidence III, Diagnostic Studies - Investigating a diagnostic test

Avaliação do tratamento cirúrgico da síndrome do túnel do carpo com anestesia local

ResumoObjetivoAvaliar os resultados e as complicações do tratamento cirúrgico da síndrome do túnel do carpo (STC) por via aberta, com o emprego da técnica anestésica local com uma solução composta por lidocaína, epinefrina e bicarbonato de sódio.Materiais e métodosEstudo de coorte, por meio da avaliação dos prontuários de 16 pacientes submetidos a cirurgia aberta para STC com emprego de anestesia local com 20mL de lidocaína 1%, adrenalina 1:100.000 e 2mL de bicarbonato de sódio. Avaliação do escore DASH no pré e pós‐operatório de seis meses e comparação da intensidade da dor durante o ato anestésico, durante a cirurgia e em relação a outros tipos de procedimentos.ResultadosO escore DASH melhorou de 65,17 para 16,53 no pós‐operatório de seis meses (p<0,01). Em relação à anestesia, 75% dos pacientes relataram que essa técnica é melhor ou igual a uma punção venosa e 81% relataram que é melhor do que um procedimento dentário. Em dois casos ocorreu dor no intraoperatório. Não ocorreram isquemias.ConclusãoO emprego de anestesia local para o tratamento cirúrgico da síndrome do túnel do carpo é eficaz para o procedimento e para o resultado final.AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the results and complications from surgical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome by means of an open route, using a local anesthesia technique comprising use of a solution of lidocaine, epinephrine and sodium bicarbonate.Material and methodsThis was a cohort study conducted through evaluating the medical files of 16 patients who underwent open surgery to treat carpal tunnel syndrome, with use of local anesthesia consisting of 20mL of 1% lidocaine, adrenaline at 1:100,000 and 2mL of sodium bicarbonate. The DASH scores before the operation and six months after the operation were evaluated. Comparisons were made regarding the intensity of pain at the time of applying the anesthetic and during the surgical procedure, and in relation to other types of procedure.ResultsThe DASH score improved from 65.17 to 16.53 six months after the operation (p<0.01). In relation to the anesthesia, 75% of the patients reported that this technique was better than or the same as venous puncture and 81% reported that it was better than a dental procedure. Intraoperative pain occurred in two cases. There were no occurrences of ischemia.ConclusionUse of local anesthesia for surgically treating carpal tunnel syndrome is effective for performing the procedure and for the final result

Evaluation of surgical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome using local anesthesia

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results and complications from surgical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome by means of an open route, using a local anesthesia technique comprising use of a solution of lidocaine, epinephrine and sodium bicarbonate. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a cohort study conducted through evaluating the medical files of 16 patients who underwent open surgery to treat carpal tunnel syndrome, with use of local anesthesia consisting of 20 mL of 1% lidocaine, adrenaline at 1:100,000 and 2 mL of sodium bicarbonate. The DASH scores before the operation and six months after the operation were evaluated. Comparisons were made regarding the intensity of pain at the time of applying the anesthetic and during the surgical procedure, and in relation to other types of procedure. RESULTS: The DASH score improved from 65.17 to 16.53 six months after the operation (p < 0.01). In relation to the anesthesia, 75% of the patients reported that this technique was better than or the same as venous puncture and 81% reported that it was better than a dental procedure. Intraoperative pain occurred in two cases. There were no occurrences of ischemia. CONCLUSION: Use of local anesthesia for surgically treating carpal tunnel syndrome is effective for performing the procedure and for the final result

Mineral composition, histomorphometry, and bone biomechanical properties are improved with probiotic, prebiotic, and symbiotic supplementation in rats chronically exposed to passive smoking: a randomized pre-clinical study

ABSTRACT: Cigarette smoke in large centers is one of the most important causes of chronic inflammatory diseases in public health and is associated with a decrease in bone mass, consolidation process, and bone remodeling. Due to their ability to improve intestinal absorption and compete with pathogenic microorganisms, dietary supplementation with functional foods may contribute to improvement in bone quality. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of functional, probiotic, prebiotic, or symbiotic food supplementation on mineral composition, histomorphometry, and bone biomechanical properties of rats in the growth phase, chronically exposed to cigarette smoke (T).Sixty-four young male rats were randomly assigned to eight groups (n=8): control (C) [standard diet (SD)]; probiotic (Pro) [SD + probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecium, Bifidobacterium thermophilum and Bifidobacterium longum) (2-5 109 UFC each)]; prebiotic (Pre) [SD+ prebiotic (mannan oligosaccharide)]; symbiotic (Sym) (SD + probiotic + prebiotic); control smoking (SC) [(SD + exposure protocol to passive smoking (PS)]; probiotic smoking (ProS) (SD + probiotic + PS); prebiotic smoking (PreS) (SD + prebiotic + PS), and symbiotic smoking (SymS)(SD + prebiotic + probiotic + PS). The animals were euthanized after 189 days of the experimental protocol. Results showed that supplementation with probiotics, prebiotics, and symbiotics significantly improved (P<0.05) the parameters: P, Ca, Mg, BMD, BMC, strength, resilience, and size of area of the femoral diaphysis of the animals chronically exposed or not cigarette smoke. We concluded that functional food supplementation improved the bone health of rats chronically exposed or not to cigarette smoke