A Task-based Evaluation of French Morphological Resources and Tools

Morphology is a key component for many Language Technology applications. However, morphological relations, especially those relying on the derivation and compounding processes, are often addressed in a superficial manner. In this article, we focus on assessing the relevance of deep and motivated morphological knowledge in Natural Language Processing applications. We first describe an annotation experiment whose goal is to evaluate the role of morphology for one task, namely Question Answering (QA). We then highlight the kind of linguistic knowledge that is necessary for this particular task and propose a qualitative analysis of morphological phenomena in order to identify the morphological processes that are most relevant. Based on this study, we perform an intrinsic evaluation of existing tools and resources for French morphology, in order to quantify their coverage. Our conclusions provide helpful insights for using and building appropriate morphological resources and tools that could have a significant impact on the application performance

Les récits de conjuration sous le règne de Louis XIV

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Retz et Mazarin: polémique et politique dans les “Mémoires” de Retz

This paper analyses the significance of the image of Mazarin in Retz’s Memoirs. Critics have often considered the caricature of the Cardinal as a means for Retz to obliterate the contradictions of his own ‘heroic mythology’, especially by reinforcing the opposition between his supposed aristocratic ethics and the Machiavellianism attributed to Mazarin. Indeed criticism of Mazarin’s hypocrisy, dissimulation and incompetence – an inverted mirror for Princes – enables Retz, by contrast, to give a flattering image of himself in keeping with the antagonistic nature of his defence. Yet the latter cannot conceal the fact that there are significant similarities between Retz and Mazarin, for Retz’s criticism of the Cardinal coexists with praise of the author’s own skill in political realism. The Memoirs thus rehabilitate not only the notion of honest dissimulation as a means to protect oneself, but also the very Machiavellianism attributed to Mazarin. In combining nostalgia for heroic ideals with political realism (Retz and Mazarin being, in turn, in opposition to and in competition with each other), the comparison between these two enemies proves to be a key element in the missing self-portrait of Retz in his Memoirs, providing insights into his polemical narrative and political ideas.Questo articolo analizza la funzione del ritratto di Mazarin nei Mémoires di Retz. La critica ha spesso considerato la caricatura del ministro come un modo per Retz di eliminare le contraddizioni della propria “mitologia eroica”, inasprendo soprattutto l’opposizione tra la sua supposta etica aristocratica e il machiavellismo attribuito a Mazarin. Certo è che l’accusa di ipocrisia, di dissimulazione e di incompetenza del ministro – vero e proprio “specchio del principe” in negativo – permette a Retz di tracciare un’immagine di sé adulatrice, mostrando la natura antitetica della sua apologia. Quest’ultima tuttavia non può dissimulare le profonde similitudini tra Retz e Mazarin: la critica al cardinale coesiste in Retz con una dimostrazione di competenza nell’ambito del pragmatismo politico. I Mémoires riabilitano pertanto sia il concetto della dissimulazione onesta come risposta difensiva, sia lo stesso machiavellismo attribuito a Mazarin. Articolando nostalgia per l’ideale eroico e pragmatismo politico (rispettivamente nell’opposizione e competizione tra Retz e Mazarin), la complessa comparazione tra i due nemici costituisce dunque un elemento chiave del mancante autoritratto di Retz nei suoi Mémoires, permettendo di comprendere meglio la sua argomentazione polemica e le idee politiche

Introduction: Seeing through a glass darkly

Included in Introductio

Introduction: Seeing through a glass darkly

Included in Introductio

Des diables au seuil de la conscience moderne : Raconter l’expérience de soi dans un fragment des Mémoires de Retz

Cet article tente d’éclairer un aspect de l’invention de la conscience moderne à travers l’analyse détaillée d’un fragment des Mémoires de Retz (1613-1679). Parce qu’elle connaît d’importantes mutations à l’époque moderne, l’expérience de soi est médiatisée par d’intéressants dispositifs narratifs : ici, de façon originale, Retz fait entrer les diables dans un processus de figuration de l’espace intérieur. Ainsi, « l’anecdote des capucins noirs » se présente comme le récit allégorique d’une quête initiatique, dont le terme est atteint grâce au dispositif oculaire qui « révulse » le regard et nous fait déboucher dans ce nouveau milieu entre le monde et soi qu’est la conscience. Prisonnière de ses propres images du monde et repliée sur elle-même, la conscience moderne n’apparaît pourtant pas comme une conscience malheureuse, car son isolement lui impose la tâche, infinie mais joyeuse, de se raconter elle-même par le truchement des images.Through a detailed analysis of an excerpt taken from Cardinal de Retz's Mémoires (1613-1679), this article attempts to illuminate an aspect of the invention of modern consciousness. As it underwent profound alteration in early modern times, the experience of the self is expressed via interesting narrative devices: in this text, Retz uses the figure of devils to produce a figuration of inner space. Thus, the anecdote of the capucins noirs appears as the allegoric narrative of an initiatory quest. The revelation is finally given by means of an ocular device which turns our glance upside down and shows the consciousness as a new milieu between the world and us. Trapped in its own images and cut off from the outside world, modern consciousness is not yet a “sad consciousness”, because its isolation brings about the task, endless but joyous, to tell oneself in the interplay of images

Retz and Mazarincontroversy and politics in the "Memoirs" of Retz

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Article du lauréat 2007 de l’Association M. Bruno Tribout : Révolutions temporelles et conspirations politiques : la figuration du temps historique dans quelques récits de conjuration sous Louis XIV

Tribout Bruno. Article du lauréat 2007 de l’Association M. Bruno Tribout : Révolutions temporelles et conspirations politiques : la figuration du temps historique dans quelques récits de conjuration sous Louis XIV. In: Cahiers de l'Association internationale des études francaises, 2008, n°60. pp. 409-427

A critical memory of the Frondeforms and functions of pastiche in the fictional Memoirs by Courtilz de Sandras

Peer reviewedPostprin