Implicaciones geomorfológica de los cambios de uso en cuencas mediterráneas.

Esta comunicación se centra en el análisis de los riesgos del agua más destacables vinculados con los eventos pluviométricos extremos o por las modificaciones en el ciclo del agua junto con el cambio en los patrones climáticos, resultado de un incremento de la erosión en dos cuencas mediterráneas, durante estos últimos 30 años hasta la actualidad. Para ello, se han analizado los cambios de usos del suelo y sus implicaciones ambientales y ecogeomorfológicas en varias cuencas hidrográficas del mediterráneo, en Málaga. Dichas cuencas se enmarcan en una zona muy intrincada con fuertes pendientes, cercanía al mar y una litología muy erosionable, compuesta por materiales paleozoicos. También se han considerado sus características climáticas y su proximidad a ámbitos turísticos de la Costa del Sol, ya que es un espacio muy codiciado tanto por el sector turístico como por las actividades agrarias. Para abordar este estudio se ha utilizado una metodología basada en técnicas geomáticas, SIG, análisis de imágenes satelitales y manejo de bases de datos climáticos. Los resultados demuestran la afección en los procesos geomorfológicos tras los cambios de los usos del suelo hacia una agricultura más competitiva pero dependiente de unos recursos hídricos muy variables.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Land use changes and spatial susceptibility in small Mediterranean basins

Soil erosion is one of the most recurrent environmental problems of public interest today. The western Mediterranean is an area sensitive to the effects of Climate Change, according to the latest IPCC Sixth Assessment Report, due to the proven increase in extreme events such as heat waves, extreme rainfall and droughts. Within this, the importance of competition in the territory between tourism and agriculture will be the result of radical changes in land use that are affecting the ecomorphological system to the point of making it even more susceptible due to the emergence and increase of high risks in the Mediterranean basins. Therefore, it will be essential to determine the levels of susceptibility of the basins under study with respect to erosive processes in order to create new mitigation measures to improve soil management and reduce these risks. Through this study we intend to analyze changes in land use and territorial susceptibility in several basins in southern Spain, in Malaga. The main objective is to determine the incidence and susceptibility of these basins and to analyse how they have been affected by land use changes through an observation of land use changes and the application of the RUSLE model. This project will look at the differences between two contrasting basins. One basin with steep slopes and the emergence of more sensitive crops, such as vineyards, which will increase the fragility of Mediterranean basins after torrential events, causing the appearance of a higher risk of erosion, while the other basin will be differentiated with the appearance of clearings that decrease the steep slopes together with changes to more competitive crops, such as subtropical crops. The results demonstrate the correlation between land use and torrential events in Mediterranean basins with respect to their susceptibility in their ecogeomorphological system.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Land use change dynamics in two contrasting andalusian mediterranean watersheds (1977 2022) and their effect on SOC stocks.

Mediterranean region, according to the latest IPCC report, is particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. This vulnerability is exacerbated by intense human activity and frequent changes in land use, leading to a notable increase in erosion and degradation processes. As a direct consequence, there is a decline in soil health and, within it, the capacity to retain organic carbon is reduced. In this context, this study aims to: (i) analyze changes in land use over the past decades (1977-2022); (ii) estimate which land uses have a higher soil of organic carbon (SOC) stocks through the collection and analysis of a total of 145 soil samples; (iii) assess the link between current SOC stocks and land use dynamics in recent years; (iv) evaluate the importance of climatic characteristics in SOC stock; (v) generate detailed SOC stocks mapping using Random Forest. For this purpose, two small Andalusian Mediterranean watersheds with contrasting climatic conditions have been selected: on one hand, a watershed (C1, Arroyo de la Pindolita – Valle del Río Genal) characterized by a subhumid Mediterranean climate (±700 mm of annual rainfall); on the other hand, a watershed (C2, Rambla del Serrón – Campo de Tabernas) with arid conditions (±150 mm of annual rainfall). The results show how the contrasting dynamics in land use changes and climatic conditions, especially rainfall, determine a highly differential behavior between the two watersheds. C1, mainly occupied by agricultural land and with a high dynamism in land use changes, has higher SOC stocks, a fact clearly conditioned by climatic characteristics favoring a biostasis situation. Meanwhile, C2 has seen a significant increase in built-up areas and land dedicated to irrigation crops, especially in recent years, identifying generally low SOC stocks.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

LAND USE CHANGES AND EFFECTS OF RAINFALL ON VEGETATION COVER IN TWO MEDITERRANEAN BASINS (MÁLAGA, SPAIN)

The western Mediterranean is an area particularly affected by the effects of climate change, which makes it a hotspot, and it is also an area where there is particular competition for land use, where subtropical crops coexist with traditional crops including vines, olives, and almond trees, and where there is growing demand for urban development and tourism. It is one of the most sensitive to the effects of climate change because of the markedly contrasting extreme events, including heat waves, torrential rains and drought. In this study we analysed changes in land use, torrential events and the effect of rainfall on vegetation cover and soils in two basins, the main objective being to analyse the evolution of land use and water erosion in recent decades. The two basins are similar but have different configurations and contrasting uses. One has steep slopes and is characterized by more typical Mediterranean crops, such as vineyards, while the other has been subject to clearing that has modified the steep slopes, and where there has been a change to more competitive crops, including subtropical crops. The results highlight the continuous increase of irrigated crops and urban areas and a gradual disappearance of rainfed crops, the occurrence between torrential events and the correlation between monthly rainfalls and vegetation cover

LAND USE CHANGES AND EFFECTS OF RAINFALL ON VEGETATION COVER IN TWO MEDITERRANEAN BASINS (MÁLAGA, SPAIN)

The western Mediterranean is an area particularly affected by the effects of climate change, which makes it a hotspot, and it is also an area where there is particular competition for land use, where subtropical crops coexist with traditional crops including vines, olives, and almond trees, and where there is growing demand for urban development and tourism. It is one of the most sensitive to the effects of climate change because of the markedly contrasting extreme events, including heat waves, torrential rains and drought. In this study we analysed changes in land use, torrential events and the effect of rainfall on vegetation cover and soils in two basins, the main objective being to analyse the evolution of land use and water erosion in recent decades. The two basins are similar but have different configurations and contrasting uses. One has steep slopes and is characterized by more typical Mediterranean crops, such as vineyards, while the other has been subject to clearing that has modified the steep slopes, and where there has been a change to more competitive crops, including subtropical crops. The results highlight the continuous increase of irrigated crops and urban areas and a gradual disappearance of rainfed crops, the occurrence between torrential events and the correlation between monthly rainfalls and vegetation cover.FEDER and Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO)Depto. de GeografíaFac. de Geografía e HistoriaTRUEpu

Genetic Variants in Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 Associated With Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug-Induced Acute Urticaria/Angioedema

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the main triggers of drug hypersensitivity reactions, probably due to their high consumption worldwide. The most frequent type of NSAID hypersensitivity is NSAID cross-hypersensitivity, in which patients react to NSAIDs from different chemical groups in the absence of a specific immunological response. The underlying mechanism of NSAID cross-hypersensitivity has been linked to cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 inhibition causing an imbalance in the arachidonic acid pathway. Despite NSAID-induced acute urticaria/angioedema (NIUA) being the most frequent clinical phenotype, most studies have focused on NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease. As NSAID cross-hypersensitivity reactions are idiosyncratic, only appearing in some subjects, it is believed that individual susceptibility is under the influence of genetic factors. Although associations with polymorphisms in genes from the AA pathway have been described, no previous study has evaluated the potential role of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) variants. This enzyme catalyzes the initial hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids to release AA, which can be subsequently metabolized into eicosanoids. Here, we analyzed for the first time the overall genetic variation in the cPLA2 gene (PLA2G4A) in NIUA patients. For this purpose, a set of tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs) in PLA2G4A were selected using data from Europeans subjects in the 1,000 Genomes Project, and genotyped with the iPlex Sequenom MassArray technology. Two independent populations, each comprising NIUA patients and NSAID-tolerant controls, were recruited in Spain, for the purposes of discovery and replication, comprising a total of 1,128 individuals. Fifty-eight tagSNPs were successfully genotyped in the discovery cohort, of which four were significantly associated with NIUA after Bonferroni correction (rs2049963, rs2064471, rs12088010, and rs12746200). These polymorphisms were then genotyped in the replication cohort: rs2049963 was associated with increased risk for NIUA after Bonferroni correction under the dominant and additive models, whereas rs12088010 and rs12746200 were protective under these two inheritance models. Our results suggest a role for PLA2G4A polymorphisms in NIUA. However, further studies are required to replicate our findings, elucidate the mechanistic role, and evaluate the participation of PLA2G4A variants in other phenotypes induced by NSAID cross-hypersensitivity.This work was supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation), co-founded by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional-FEDER for Research Projects (PI17/ 01593, PI18/00540, and PI20/01540), GR18145 from Junta de Extremadura, the Thematic Networks and Co-operative ResearchYe