Evaluation on Drug Planning for Basic Health Services at Pharmaceutical Warehouses of Gunung Mas District, Central Kalimantan

Planning was an activity to determine type and amount of drugs according to the need. Weakplanning was indicated by no stored drugs or drugs accumulation in the storage. Drug planning inGunung Mas district pharmacy storage (GFK) was based on inaccurate data; therefore, distortionin the drug planning precision and in the level of drug availability occurred. Objective of this studywas to evaluate drug planning at GFK Gunung Mas based on the obedience of GFK workers inimplementing drug planning guideline.This was a descriptive study. Study variables were 1) ability of workers that was based on theireducation, workload, training, and supervision; 2) obedience of workers in implementing drug planning guideline. Main informants were the head of GFK and two GFK workers. Data werecollected by conducting in-depth interview and observation. Content analysis was applied in thedata management.Results of the study showed that drug planning at GFK Gunung Mas was inadequate. This wascaused by insufficient number of workers with adequate abilities, and the obedience of workers inimplementing planning guideline was insufficient. Workers' education level was suitable with therequirement namely pharmaceutical school. Majority of workers' knowledge was limited to definitionand drug criteria; majority of GFK workers' workload was overload. All workers did not get trainingon drug planning. Supervision by their superior was not done periodically. Obedience of workersto drug planning guideline was insufficient.Suggestions for district health office are to conduct training on integrated drug planning technique,to improve periodic supervision to GFK workers. Suggestions to GFK Gunung Mas are to formulatestandard operating procedure for drug planning, to do right drug calculation, to do ABC/ VEN analysis

Aportaciones al conocimiento de las comunidades de Pistacia Terenbinthus L. y de Acer Monspessulanum L. en el Sur de la Península Ibérica

Se aportan nuevos datos fitosociológicos sobre los terebintales-cornicabrales béticos, con la propuesta de una nueva asociación (Phillyreo latifoliae-Pistacietum terebinthi ass. nova) que representa a las formaciones de microfanerófitos mediterráneos perennifolios integrados en Quercetalia ilicis pero dominados por algunas especies caducifolias como Pistacia terebinthus. Se define también una nueva subasociación de los quejigares bético-torcalenses (Vinco difformis-Quercetum fagineae aceretosum monspessulani subass. nova) cuyo significado fitocenológico corresponde a un enriquecimiento en especies eurosiberianas y submediterráneas de Quercetalia pubescentis, fundamentalmente debido a un incremento en la altitud y a causa de las condiciones microclimáticas del biotopo en el que se asienta dicha comunidad.Contribution to the noules of the comunities of Pistacia terebinthus and Acer monspessulanum in Southern Iberian Peninsula. New phytosociological data about winter-deciduous pistachio tree forest (Phillyreo latifoliae-Pistacietum terebinthi ass. nova) endemic of the Betica province and Mediterranean region are presented. This new association is formed quantitatively by an evergreen forest; however there might predominate deciduous species such as Pistacia terebinthus. In addition, we propose a new subassociation of maple forest into the Torcalense phytogeographical subsector (Vinco difformis-Quercetum fagineae aceretosum monspessulani subass. nova). This subassociation develops on higher areas with north exposition. These conditions enable eurosiberian and submediterranean species, which belong to the phytosociological order of Quercetalia pubescentis

Las comunidades escionitrófilas de Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande en el sur de la Península Ibérica

Las comunidades caracterizadas por Alliaria petiolata en el sur de la Península Ibérica corresponden a la asociación Myrrhoidi nodosae-Alliarietum petiolatae (clase Galio-Urticetea). Dicha asociación presenta su óptimo en la Sierra de Ayllón (Provincia Carpetano-Ibérico-Leonesa), e irradia hacia el suroeste por los sistemas béticos (provincia corológica Bética), cambiando su composición florística y empobreciéndose en esa dirección, siguiendo los distintos sectores fitogeográficos. Estos aspectos son reflejados fielmente por tres subasociaciones y una variante: subass. smyrnietosum perfoliati (subsectores Cazorlense y Alcaracense), subass. nepetosum granatensis (sectores Nevadense y Almijaro-Granatense) y subass. ranunculetosum blepharicarpi comb. nova (subsector Torcalense), que llega de modo finícola como variante supramediterránea con Sysimbrium crassifolium al extremo suroeste de las cordilleras (sector Rondeño). Esta distribución manifiesta una vía migratoria para taxones y sintaxones orófilos y mesófilos por las montañas béticas. Además, Alliaria petiolata, por su propia autoecología, su cortejo florístico y el hábitat que precisa, es un fiel bioindicador de bosques caducifolios, riparios y de abetos, que se pueden considerar hoy día muy singulares por su carácter relicto, submediterráneo o por habitar condiciones ecológicas especiales.Plant communities with Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande in the South of the Iberian Peninsula. Plant communities characterized by Alliaria petiolata in the south of de Iberian Peninsula can be included in Myrrhoidi nodosae-Alliarietum petiolatae association (Galio-Urticetea class). This association is located in Ayllon mountains (Carpetano-Ibérico-Leonesa province) and distributed towards the southwest by the Betic mountain ranges (Betic chorological province) varying its floristic composition as the association reaches the different phytogeographical sectors. These aspects are clearly defined by three subassociations and one variant: subass. smyrnietosum perfoliati (Cazorlense and Alcaracense subsectors), subass. nepetosum granatensis (Nevadense y and Almijaro-Granatense sectors) and subass. ranunculetosum blepharicarpi comb. nova (Torcalense subsector) that reaches the southwest limit of Betic ranges as a supramediterranean variant with Sisymbrium crassifolium (Rondeño sector). This distribution may indicate a migratory route for orophyllous and mesophyllous taxa and syntaxa throughout the Betic Mountains. Moreover, Alliaria petiolata is an accurate bioindicator for the undergrowth of deciduous, riparian and mixed Abies pinsapo forests considered actually remarkable because of its relict character, sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical position, or special ecological requirements

Peningkatan Aktivitaspembelajaran Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Menggunakan Model Kooperatif Teknik Think Pair Share di SD

This research is mean to in crease physical activity, mental, and emotional students at civic class III of public elementary school 04 Segedong. The research method used was descriptive, research by disaplaying/ummerciful the condition subject or object of used three cycle. The result of research in learning civic with model cooperative Think Pair Share technique has been reached is physic activity from the baseline 25,69% to three cycle 90,28% in creased to 64,59% with categories “high”. Mental activity from the baseline12,78% to three cycle 83,33% increased 70,55% with categories “high”. Emotional activity from the baseline 13,89% to three cycle 89,81% increased 75,92% with categories “high”

Sobre las alisedas nevadenses (Sierra Nevada, Granada-Almería, España)

Se ha realizado un estudio fitosociológico sobre las alisedas (bosques de Alnus glutinosa) en Sierra Nevada (Granada-Almería, España). Para ello, se han recopilado los datos existentes en archivos históricos y en bibliografía, además de reunir inventarios bibliográficos e inventarios propios. La distribución conocida de las alisedas en Sierra Nevada está centrada en dos zonas: en la cara sur los barrancos de Poqueira y Trevélez (Granada) y en la cara norte los afluentes del río Alhama de Lugros (Granada). También existen en la Sierra Nevada almeriense (río Andarax). Tras un análisis detallado de las tablas fitosociológicas, de su fitoecología, composición florística, distribución y estructura, llegamos a la conclusión de que las alisedas de Sierra Nevada constituyen una nueva asociación que denominamos Carici camposii-Alnetum glutinosae ass. nova. Se trata de bosques caducifolios muy desarrollados, con estrato arbóreo, arbustivo y herbáceo, que se desarrollan en tramos riparios con agua permanente, sobre materiales silíceos, en el piso supramediterráneo del sector fitogeográfico Nevadense (provincia Bética). Existe una variante que habita laderas de gran inclinación con suelos rezumantes, donde las alisedas muestran mayor biomasa (altura, cobertura) y aparecen algunas especies fitoindicadoras (Geum urbanum). El análisis de la tabla sintética muestra su clara separación del resto de alisedas sur-ibéricas de Osmundo-Alnion, destacando la ausencia del bioindicador más característico de esa alianza (Osmunda regalis) en la nueva asociación.Alnus glutinosa forests in Sierra Nevada (Granada-Almeria, Spain). A phytosociological survey has been made on Alnus glutinosa forests in Sierra Nevada. Historical and bibliographical data have been compiled as well as published and new phytosociological inventories. The known distribution of Alnus glutinosa forests in Sierra Nevada is concentrated in two main zones: in the southern slope along the rivers Poqueira and Trevélez (Granada) and in the northern slope along the tributaries of the Alhama de Lugros river (Granada). They have been also inventoried in Almeria province (Andarax river). After detailed analysis of phytosociological inventories and tables as well as for the ecology, floristic composition, distribution and forest structure, we conclude that the A. glutinosa forests of Sierra Nevada represent a new association: Carici camposii-Alnetum glutinosae ass. nova. They are well developed forest with trees, shrubs, and grasses strata, appearing in river banks with permanent streams, on siliceous soils in the supramediterranean bioclimatic belt of the Nevadense phytogeographical sector (Betic province). A variant, indicated by Geum urbanum, develops in high incline slopes with permanent wet soils where A. glutinosa forests show the greatest biomass (canopy cover and height of trees). Analysis of synthetic table shows clear division from the rest of the Osmundo-Alnion south-Iberian forests, emphasizing the absence of the main indicator of the alliance (Osmunda regalis) in the new association

CAR T cells for T-cell leukemias: Insights from mathematical models

Immunotherapy has the potential to change the way all cancer types are treated and cured. Cancer immunotherapies use elements of the patient immune system to attack tumor cells. One of the most successful types of immunotherapy is CAR-T cells. This treatment works by extracting patient's T-cells and adding to them an antigen receptor allowing tumor cells to be recognized and targeted. These new cells are called CAR-T cells and are re-infused back into the patient after expansion in-vitro. This approach has been successfully used to treat B-cell malignancies (B-cell leukemias and lymphomas). However, its application to the treatment of T-cell leukemias faces several problems. One of these is fratricide, since the CAR-T cells target both tumor and other CAR-T cells. This leads to nonlinear dynamical phenomena amenable to mathematical modeling. In this paper we construct a mathematical model describing the competition of CAR-T, tumor and normal T-cells and studied some basic properties of the model and its practical implications. Specifically, we found that the model reproduced the observed difficulties for in-vitro expansion of the therapeutic cells found in the laboratory. The mathematical model predicted that CAR-T cell expansion in the patient would be possible due to the initial presence of a large number of targets. We also show that, in the context of our mathematical approach, CAR-T cells could control tumor growth but not eradicate the disease

Karakterisasi Morfologis Trichoderma Spp. Indigenus Sulawesi Tenggara

This study aimed to determine differences in the morphological characteristics of isolates of Trichoderma spp indigenous of Southeast Sulawesi. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Agro Technology, Unit of Plant Pest and Disease, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Halu Oleo, Kendari. This study used 11 isolates of trichoderm indegenous of Southeast Sulawesi. Observation variables were macroscopic characteristics, including: colony color and form, and microscopic characteristics, including: form of conidiophores, fialid and and conidia. The research results showed that the 11 isolates of Trichoderma spp indigenous of Southeast Sulawesi had different morphological characteristics. Types of Trichoderma spp obtained out of the 11 isolates were T. hamantum, T. koningii, T. harzianum, T. polysporum and T. aureoviride