241 research outputs found
Analisis Potensi Sumberdaya Manusia Bidang Pendidkan Sesuai dengan Koridor Ekonomi Mp3ei (Masterplan Percepatan dan Perluasan Pembangunan Indonesia)
Masterplan Percepatan dan Perluasan Pembangunan Ekonomi Indonesia atau MP3EI merupakan arahan strategis dalam percepatan dan perluasan pembangunan ekonomi Indonesia yang memiliki tiga pilar (kluster) yaitu pengembangan potensi ekonomi melalui koridor ekonomi, penguatan konektivitas nasional, dan penguatan kemampuan SDM dan Iptek nasional. Analisis dan kajian pendidikan guna menguatkan kemampuan SDM dan Iptek tidak dilakukan dengan detail. Indeks pendidikan merupakan indikator utama dalam meningkatkan mutu sumberdaya manusia. Indeks pendidikan dapat ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode indikator komposit terhadap aksesibilitas, kapabilitas, dan fasilitas pendidikan. Peta kesesuaian indeks pendidikan terhadap rencana pembangunan kutub-kutub pertumbuhan ekonomi mengalami miss-match. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa potensi sumberdaya alam belum bisa dioptimalisasikan dengan baik karena belum mampunya sumberdaya manusia di Indonesia untuk mengolahnya. Pemerataan fasilitas pendidikan menjadi langkah utama untuk menciptakan pemerataan pendidikan serta dilakukannya migrasi terhadap usia-usia produktif ke wilayah yang memiliki indeks pendidikan rendah untuk tercapainya kesesuaian potensi sumberdaya manusia terhadap sumberdaya alam
Analisis Perbedaan Kinerja Pemerintah Daerah yang Dipimpin Kepala Daerah Berlatar Belakang Entrepreneur dan Nonentrepreneur
In the implementation of regional autonomy, the regional head is expected toimplement visionary and innovative leadership patterns to fulfill hisobligations in developing regions, providing quality services, and creatingprosperity of the local community. In this study, the sample used is limited tolocal governments in Sumatera and Java who conducted elections of regionalheads (Pilkada) in 2010 ie as many as 111 provinces, districts, and cities. Thedata used secondary data, namely the score of local government in rankingand performance status of local government, obtained from the website of theMinistry of Home Affairs; and Audit Opinion, as seen in the summary ofaudit report result by the Supreme Audit Board (BPK). The conclusions ofthis study are: 1) there is a difference between the performance of localgovernment in Sumatera and Java, led by the Head of Region entrepreneurand non-entrepreneur background based on score of local government indetermining the rank and status of local government administration; 2) Thereis no difference between the performance of local government in Sumatera andJava led by the head of region with entrepreneur and non-entrepreneurbackground based on audit opinion of Supreme Audit Board (BPK) on LocalGovernment Financial Report (LKPD
Modeling microevolution in a changing environment: The evolving quasispecies and the Diluted Champion Process
Several pathogens use evolvability as a survival strategy against acquired
immunity of the host. Despite their high variability in time, some of them
exhibit quite low variability within the population at any given time, a
somehow paradoxical behavior often called the evolving quasispecies. In this
paper we introduce a simplified model of an evolving viral population in which
the effects of the acquired immunity of the host are represented by the
decrease of the fitness of the corresponding viral strains, depending on the
frequency of the strain in the viral population. The model exhibits evolving
quasispecies behavior in a certain range of its parameters, ans suggests how
punctuated evolution can be induced by a simple feedback mechanism.Comment: 15 pages, 12 figures. Figures redrawn, some additional clarifications
in the text. To appear in Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and
Experimen
On the accuracy of language trees
Historical linguistics aims at inferring the most likely language
phylogenetic tree starting from information concerning the evolutionary
relatedness of languages. The available information are typically lists of
homologous (lexical, phonological, syntactic) features or characters for many
different languages.
From this perspective the reconstruction of language trees is an example of
inverse problems: starting from present, incomplete and often noisy,
information, one aims at inferring the most likely past evolutionary history. A
fundamental issue in inverse problems is the evaluation of the inference made.
A standard way of dealing with this question is to generate data with
artificial models in order to have full access to the evolutionary process one
is going to infer. This procedure presents an intrinsic limitation: when
dealing with real data sets, one typically does not know which model of
evolution is the most suitable for them. A possible way out is to compare
algorithmic inference with expert classifications. This is the point of view we
take here by conducting a thorough survey of the accuracy of reconstruction
methods as compared with the Ethnologue expert classifications. We focus in
particular on state-of-the-art distance-based methods for phylogeny
reconstruction using worldwide linguistic databases.
In order to assess the accuracy of the inferred trees we introduce and
characterize two generalizations of standard definitions of distances between
trees. Based on these scores we quantify the relative performances of the
distance-based algorithms considered. Further we quantify how the completeness
and the coverage of the available databases affect the accuracy of the
reconstruction. Finally we draw some conclusions about where the accuracy of
the reconstructions in historical linguistics stands and about the leading
directions to improve it.Comment: 36 pages, 14 figure
A note on the Guerra and Talagrand theorems for Mean Field Spin Glasses: the simple case of spherical models
The aim of this paper is to discuss the main ideas of the Talagrand proof of
the Parisi Ansatz for the free-energy of Mean Field Spin Glasses with a
physicist's approach. We consider the case of the spherical -spin model,
which has the following advantages: 1) the Parisi Ansatz takes the simple ``one
step replica symmetry breaking form'', 2) the replica free-energy as a function
of the order parameters is simple enough to allow for numerical maximization
with arbitrary precision. We present the essential ideas of the proof, we
stress its connections with the theory of effective potentials for glassy
systems, and we reduce the technically more difficult part of the Talagrand's
analysis to an explicit evaluation of the solution of a variational problem.Comment: 20 pages, 5 figures. Added references and minor language correction
Challenges in control and autonomy of unmanned aerial-aquatic vehicles
Autonomous aquatic vehicles capable of flight can deploy more rapidly, access remote or constricted areas, overfly obstacles and transition easily between distinct bodies of water. This new class of vehicles can be referred as Unmanned Aerial-Aquatic Vehicles (UAAVs), and is capable of reaching distant locations rapidly, conducting measurements and returning to base. This greatly improves upon current solutions, which often involve integrating different types of vehicles (e.g. vessels releasing underwater vehicles), or rely on manpower (e.g. sensors dropped manually from ships). Thanks to recent research efforts, UAAVs are becoming more sophisticated and robust. Nonetheless numerous challenges remain to be addressed, and particularly dedicated control and sensing solutions are still scarce. This paper discusses challenges and opportunities in UAAV control, sensing and actuation. Following a brief overview of the state of the art, we elaborate on the requirements and challenges for the main types of robots and missions proposed in the literature to date, and highlight existing solutions where available. The concise but wide-ranging overview provided will constitute a useful starting point for researchers undertaking UAAV control work
Inference algorithms for gene networks: a statistical mechanics analysis
The inference of gene regulatory networks from high throughput gene
expression data is one of the major challenges in systems biology. This paper
aims at analysing and comparing two different algorithmic approaches. The first
approach uses pairwise correlations between regulated and regulating genes; the
second one uses message-passing techniques for inferring activating and
inhibiting regulatory interactions. The performance of these two algorithms can
be analysed theoretically on well-defined test sets, using tools from the
statistical physics of disordered systems like the replica method. We find that
the second algorithm outperforms the first one since it takes into account
collective effects of multiple regulators
Aligning graphs and finding substructures by a cavity approach
We introduce a new distributed algorithm for aligning graphs or finding
substructures within a given graph. It is based on the cavity method and is
used to study the maximum-clique and the graph-alignment problems in random
graphs. The algorithm allows to analyze large graphs and may find applications
in fields such as computational biology. As a proof of concept we use our
algorithm to align the similarity graphs of two interacting protein families
involved in bacterial signal transduction, and to predict actually interacting
protein partners between these families.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Canalization of the evolutionary trajectory of the human influenza virus
Since its emergence in 1968, influenza A (H3N2) has evolved extensively in
genotype and antigenic phenotype. Antigenic evolution occurs in the context of
a two-dimensional 'antigenic map', while genetic evolution shows a
characteristic ladder-like genealogical tree. Here, we use a large-scale
individual-based model to show that evolution in a Euclidean antigenic space
provides a remarkable correspondence between model behavior and the
epidemiological, antigenic, genealogical and geographic patterns observed in
influenza virus. We find that evolution away from existing human immunity
results in rapid population turnover in the influenza virus and that this
population turnover occurs primarily along a single antigenic axis. Thus,
selective dynamics induce a canalized evolutionary trajectory, in which the
evolutionary fate of the influenza population is surprisingly repeatable and
hence, in theory, predictable.Comment: 29 pages, 5 figures, 10 supporting figure
Replicated Transfer Matrix Analysis of Ising Spin Models on `Small World' Lattices
We calculate equilibrium solutions for Ising spin models on `small world'
lattices, which are constructed by super-imposing random and sparse Poissonian
graphs with finite average connectivity c onto a one-dimensional ring. The
nearest neighbour bonds along the ring are ferromagnetic, whereas those
corresponding to the Poisonnian graph are allowed to be random. Our models thus
generally contain quenched connectivity and bond disorder. Within the replica
formalism, calculating the disorder-averaged free energy requires the
diagonalization of replicated transfer matrices. In addition to developing the
general replica symmetric theory, we derive phase diagrams and calculate
effective field distributions for two specific cases: that of uniform sparse
long-range bonds (i.e. `small world' magnets), and that of (+J/-J) random
sparse long-range bonds (i.e. `small world' spin-glasses).Comment: 22 pages, LaTeX, IOP macros, eps figure
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