Uji Kekerabatan Aksesi Cengkeh di Kebun Percobaan Sukapura

Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum L. Merril & Perry) merupakan tanaman rempah tertua di dunia yang berasal dari kepulauan Maluku. Bunga kering cengkeh sering digunakan sebagai bahan untuk bumbu, obat-obatan, kosmetik, dan industri rokok. Koleksi plasma nutfah merupakan hal yang penting dalam suatu program pemuliaan tanaman. Dua puluh delapan aksesi cengkeh ditanam di Kebun Percobaan Sukapura, Probolinggo, Jawa Timur. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan kekerabatan di antara 28 aksesi cengkeh. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap 15 karakter morfologi dan 6 karakter komponen hasil. Sebelas karakter morfologi dan satu karakter komponen hasil memiliki keragaman genetik yang luas. Dengan menggunakan analisis kluster ditentukan pengelompokan berdasarkan perbedaan sifat morfologi di antara 28 aksesi tanaman cengkeh. Gerombol I, yaitu Zanzibar 5, Gerombol II terdiri atas Zanzibar 13 dan Siputih 5, Gerombol III, yaitu Zanzibar 8, dan Gerombol IV terdiri atas 24 aksesi lainnya

Seleksi Genotipe Unggul Kopi Robusta Spesifik Lokasi

Seleksi genotipe unggul kopi Robusta yang memiliki karakteristik biji besar, kandungan kafein rendah, dan citarasa baik sangat penting dilakukan dalam rangka meningkatkan nilai ekonomi kopi Robusta di pasar global. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan seleksi genotipe kopi Robusta terbaik berdasarkan kriteria-kriteria tersebut di atas. Waktu pelaksanaan penelitian pada bulan Januari-Desember 2012. Bahan seleksi berupa populasi lima genotipe kopi Robusta hasil seleksi petani (MCJ-1, SCJ-1, PKCJ-1, PHCJ-1, dan SuCJ-1) yang telah banyak dibudidayakan di wilayah Kabupaten Curup, Provinsi Bengkulu. Kriteria seleksi berdasarkan karakteristik mutu fisik dan morfometrik biji beras, kandungan kafein, dan mutu citarasa seduhan. Pengujian mutu fisik biji beras, kandungan kafein, dan mutu citarasa seduhan dilaksanakan di Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia, Jember. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian diketahui bahwa genotipe PKCJ-1 memiliki karakteristik ukuran biji paling besar dan kandungan kafein paling rendah. Genotipe PHCJ-1 dan SCJ-1 paling baik dalam hal citarasa dan telah memenuhi kategori salah satu kriteria kopi spesialti. Dengan demikian, berdasarkan kriteria seleksi yang telah ditetapkan, ketiganya terpilih sebagai genotipe harapan.Kata Kunci: Kopi Robusta, seleksi genotipe, kafein rendah, mutu citarasaSelection of Robusta coffee genotypes which have superior characteristics, such as large beans size, low caffeine content, and good cup quality taste, is essential in order to increase its economic value in the world market. The objectives of the research was to select the superior genotype(s) of Robusta coffee based on characteristics as mentioned above. The research was carried out at Januari to December 2012. Material used was five genotypes of farmer-selected Robusta coffee (MCJ-1, SCJ-1, PKCJ-1, PHCJ-1, and SuCJ-1) recently grown in many areas across Curup Regency, Bengkulu Province. Selection criteria was physical quality and morphometric characteristics of green beans, caffeine content, and cup quality. The laboratory test was conducted at the Center for Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), Jember. The results showed that the genotype of PKCJ-1 has the largest in size of bean and the lowest in caffeine content. On the other hand, PHCJ-1 and SCJ-1 genotypes are the best in terms of taste and meets of ones criteria for specialty coffee grade. Thus, these three genotypes were selected as a candidate of superior genotypes

Perubahan Fisik, Fisiologi dan Biokimia Selama Pemasakan Benih dan Studi Rekalsitransi Benih Kemiri Sunan

The aims of this research on Reutealis trisperma seed were to know 1) seed harvest maturity level based on physiological and biochemical changes; and 2) seed recalcitrancy based on critical moisture content and storability in two storage temperatures. The research was conducted at Leuwikopo Seed Science and Technology Laboratory, from February 2012 to January 2013. There were three experiments, i.e. I. Effect of seed maturity level on seed viability and vigor (randomized completely block design, 3 seed maturity level, 3 replications); II. Determination of seed critical moisture content, used two methods, i.e. 1) fan drying and 2) air drying (completely randomized design in each drying methods, 3 replications); III. Effect of temperature and period of storage on seed viability and vigor (nested design, first factor was 2 storage temperature and the second factor was 7 storage periods, 3 replications). The result showed that seed physiological maturity achieved in 28 weeks after flowering with morphological criteria were brownish fruit, soft fruit exocarp, brown seed testa; physiological criteria was germination percentage 76-80% and biochemical criteria was carotenoid content 0.62 µmol(g FW)-1. Carotenoid content can be used as biochemical indicator to determine fruit maturity and significantly correlated with moisture content, seed dry weight and germination percentage. Critical moisture content were 8.2-10.9%. These data suggested that seeds could be classified as intermediate. R. trisperma seeds could be stored for three weeks in temperature 19-28 oC and RH 50-70%, with 12% moisture content used polypropilen plastic ba

Effects of Male Parents on Pod and Bean Components of Six Fine Cocoa Siblings

In cacao crossing process, the genetic symptoms of direct effect of male parent as a pollen source on pod and beans performances generated from their crossing are called as the xenia effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of male parents on characters of pod and bean components generated from the crossing of several genotypes of fine cacao. The research was conducted at Kalikempit Afdeling of PTPN XII, Tulungrejo Village, Glenmore District, Banyuwangi Regency, East Java Province, at an altitude of 340 m asl, Latosol type of soil, and C type of climate, from May until December 2014. Crossing combinations were (1) DR 38 x DR 1, (2) DR 38 x DR 38, (3) DR 2 x DR 1, (4) DR 2 x DR 2, (5) DRC 16 x DR 38, and (6) DRC 16 x DRC 16. Variables observed were the quantitative and qualitative characters of pod and bean component. The results showed that male parent DR 1 crossed with female parent DR 2 contributed in increasing fresh bean weight (34.70%), fresh bean/pod weight (44.32%), fresh single bean weight (31.00%), pod apex and base constriction shapes. Meanwhile DR 38 crossed with DRC 16 showed xenia effect on fresh bean weight (47.01%), bean (31.22%), and qualitative characters i.e. the colour of mature pod and the availability of bottle neck. All of crossing combinations produced white colour beans above 85% thus qualified as good. DR 2 and DR 38 are potential male parents to enhance the number of white bean

EVALUATION OF GENETIC DIVERSITY IN CACAO COLLECTED FROM KOLAKA, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI, USING SSR MARKERS

Kolaka, which is located in Southeast Sulawesi, has long been known as one of cacao production centers in Indonesia. Therefore, many different cacao germplasms can be found in this region. The study aimed to evaluate genetic diversity and relationships of 12 cacao genotypes collected from Kolaka. Genomic DNA was extracted by using a modified CTAB method. Meanwhile, genetic diversity was analyzed based on 16 SSR markers, which then separated by 6% non-denaturing polyacryl-amide gel electrophoresis. The result showed that all of those markers, 14 markers exhibited polymorphism and subsequently used for data analysis using NTSYS and PowerMarker program. About 70 different alleles were generated from 12 cacao genotypes analyzed with an average of 5 alleles per locus. Average value of polymorphism information content (PIC) resulted in this study was 0.59. The cluster analysis using UPGMA method based on the genetic similarity coefficient revealed that all cacao genotypes were separated into three major groups. The first group consisted of five cacao genotypes, the second one held four cacao genotypes, whereas the third group contained three genotypes. This result indicates that three genotypes that clustered separately from the others could be used as a good clonal candidate for cacao breeding program. The information resulted from this present study would be useful for future cacao breeding program, especially in efforts to release a new variety

Pendugaan Daya Gabung dan Heritabilitas Beberapa Karakter Agronomis pada Populasi Generasi F1 Kakao (Theobroma Cacao L.)

Informasi mengenai parameter genetik diperlukan sebagai dasar penentuan tetua dalam perakitan varietas hibrida. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui daya gabung umum (DGU) dan daya gabung khusus (DGK) tetua dari 10 populasi F1 kakao hasil persilangan dialel 5 x 5 tanpa selfing dan tanpa resiprok. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan (KP.) Sumber Asin, Malang, Jawa Timur dari bulan April sampai Oktober 2013. Tetua yang digunakan adalah DR1 (kakao edel) dan ICCRI 03, TSH 858, ICS 13, dan Sca 6 (kakao lindak). Karakter yang diamati adalah lingkar batang, tinggi jorket, persentase tanaman berbunga, dan persentase tanaman berbuah. Data karakter tersebut dianalisis ragamnya menggunakan metode Griffing 4. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan klon TSH 858 memiliki efek DGU paling tinggi untuk karakter lingkar batang dan persentase tanaman berbunga, sedangkan klon Sca 6 untuk tinggi jorket. Kedua klon tersebut berpotensi untuk dijadikan tetua persilangan dalam pembentukan varietas sintetis. Nilai DGK paling tinggi ditunjukkan oleh kombinasi tetua DR 1 x Sca 6 untuk karakter lingkar batang, persentase tanaman berbunga, dan persentase tanaman berbuah, sedangkan kombinasi TSH 858 x DR 1 memperlihatkan nilai paling tinggi untuk karakter tinggi jorket. Kedua kombinasi tetua tersebut potensial dijadikan alternatif dalam perakitan varietas hibrida.Kata kunci: Kakao mulia, kakao lindak, Daya Gabung Khusus, Daya Gabung Umum, Griffing 4, heritabilitasKnowledge about genetic parameters is important for plant breeders as a basis for determining potential parent in hybrid breeding programs. The objectives of this study was to evaluate general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) in F1 population of cocoa derived from diallel crossing of 5 x 5 without selfing and reciprocal. The experiment was conducted at the Sumber Asin experimental station, Malang, East Java, from April to October 2013. The parental clones used are ICCRI 03, TSH 858, Sca 6, ICS 13 (bulk cacao) dan DR 1 (fine cacao). Observations on agronomic characters including trunk girth, jorquette height, percent of flowering, and percent of fruiting were carried out on individual plants. Variance analysis was perfomed by Griffing Method type 4. The result showed that TSH 858 clone has the highest GCA effect on trunk girth and percent of flowering (TSH 858), while Sca 6 clone was significant only for jorquette height. Both of those clones would be potential as parent in assembling new variety, particularly to gain the large trunk girth and high jorquette. On the other hand, the highest SCA value indicated by the combination of DR 1 x Sca 6 for trunk girth, percent of flowering and percent of fruiting, whereas the combination of TSH 858 x DR 1 showed the highest value for jorquette height. Both of these parent combinations are prospective as an alternative in the assembly of new hybrid varieties

Evaluation of Genetic Diversity in Cacao Collected From Kolaka, Southeast Sulawesi, Using Ssr Markers

Kolaka, which is located in Southeast Sulawesi, has long been known as one of cacao production centers in Indonesia. Therefore, many different cacao germplasms can be found in this region. The study aimed to evaluate genetic diversity and relationships of 12 cacao genotypes collected from Kolaka. Genomic DNA was extracted by using a modified CTAB method. Meanwhile, genetic diversity was analyzed based on 16 SSR markers, which then separated by 6% non-denaturing polyacryl-amide gel electrophoresis. The result showed that all of those markers, 14 markers exhibited polymorphism and subsequently used for data analysis using NTSYS and PowerMarker program. About 70 different alleles were generated from 12 cacao genotypes analyzed with an average of 5 alleles per locus. Average value of polymorphism information content (PIC) resulted in this study was 0.59. The cluster analysis using UPGMA method based on the genetic similarity coefficient revealed that all cacao genotypes were separated into three major groups. The first group consisted of five cacao genotypes, the second one held four cacao genotypes, whereas the third group contained three genotypes. This result indicates that three genotypes that clustered separately from the others could be used as a good clonal candidate for cacao breeding program. The information resulted from this present study would be useful for future cacao breeding program, especially in efforts to release a new variety

Pemanfaatan Teknik Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA ( RAPD ) untuk Pengelompokan secara Genetik Plasma Nutfah Jambu Mete (Annacardium Occidentale L.)

Budidaya jambu mete di Indonesia selama ini belum menggunakan varietas unggul sehingga mengakibatkan rendahnya produksi, yaitu sekitar 493 kg/ha/tahun. Peningkatan genetik terkendala oleh kurangnya informasi tentang variabilitas genetik jambu mete. Dalam merakit suatu varietas unggul diperlukan variabilitas genetik yang luas dari plasma nutfah yang tersedia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui tingkat kekerabatan dan keragaman genetik koleksi plasma nutfah jambu mete berdasarkan profil pita DNA menggunakan teknik RAPD. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Biologi Molekuler BB-Biogen, Bogor mulai bulan Mei-November 2010. Materi genetik yang digunakan adalah JN26, Oniki1, Oniki2, Oniki3, Kodi4, NDR31, Nigeria P9, Nigeria P2, JN7, Srilanka, Mojokerto, Pamotan, Karimun, Larantuka, BO2, SM9, JT21 dengan menggunakan 25 primer. Adapun kegiatannya meliputi pengumpulan materi koleksi plasma nutfah jambu mete (17 aksesi). Dilanjutkan kegiatan di Laboratorium dengan tahapan-tahapan kegiatan, seperti ekstraksi dan purifikasi DNA, loading dan running produk PCR dan analisis RAPD serta analisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari dua puluh lima primer PCR-RAPD yang digunakan untuk mengamplifikasi sebanyak 17 sampel jambu mete, terdapat 24 primer yang memberikan pita DNA, 21 di antaranya polimorfisme dan tiga primer menunjukkan monomorfis. Hasil analisis kekerabatan 17 sampel jambu mete dengan program NTSys 2.1 menunjukkan bahwa terdapat variasi genetik yang cukup tinggi. Pada koefisien 88%, 17 jambu mete tersebut mengelompok menjadi lima, kelompok yang pertama terdiri dari delapan individu (Oniki1, Kodi4, JN26, NDR31, Srilanka, Mojokerto, Karimun, dan JT21), kelompok dua terdiri dari lima individu (Nigeria P9, B02, Nigeria P2, JN7, Pamotan), kelompok tiga terdiri dua individu (SM9, dan Larantuka), kelompok empat terdiri dari satu individu (Oniki3), dan kelompok lima terdiri dari satu individu (Oniki2). Use of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Technique on grouping cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) germplas