Development of the recommendations on selection of glass-fiber reinforced polyurethanes for vehicle parts

© Research India Publications. Advanced polymer composites have essential features: high specific strength ratio, resistance to aggressive substances (water, fuel, oil, lubricants, weak alkalies and acids), wide operation temperature range (from -60 to +80 °C), sufficient durability (up to 10 years), high aesthetic qualities. The use of polymer composites for vehicle parts significantly reduces the curb weight of a vehicle, improves its dynamic behavior, increases its payload capacity, reduces its fuel consumption and emissions. The research was focused on the parts made of rigid glass-fiber reinforced polyurethane. The samples were made using the system based on polyol component А and isocyanate component B in a ratio of 1,75:1 (A:B). As a filler the glass fiber roving was used in the amount of 25 weight parts per 100 weight parts of the matrix component. The glass-fiber reinforced polyurethane parts were manufactured by spraying. The paper describes the comprehensive research of the glass-fiber reinforced polyurethane properties including the evaluation of thermal resistance, impact resilience, temperature resistance, Shore D hardness, acoustic absorption coefficient with the state-of-the-art test procedures and research equipment. The recommendations were developed to select glass-fiber reinforced polyurethanes for vehicle parts: for parts where the material is under high load during operation (temperature, impact resilience, etc.) it is recommended, whenever possible, to use the materials with larger thickness; for the parts where hardness is subject to special requirements – the materials with smaller thickness; during part production it is necessary to precisely carry out the operations of part manufacturing process to avoid any defects which are stress raisers and reduce the material strength

Modeling of a Multi-Storey Building Made of Reinforced Concrete, Taking into Account Damage on a Deformable Foundation

The construction of a mathematical model based on the finite element method for determining the stress-strain state of a 25-storey reinforced concrete building on a multilayer deformable foundation is considered. The sensitivity of the physical and mechanical characteristics of the building and foundation material to the type of stress state, the development of plastic deformations in reinforcement, damage in the form of cracking, and induced heterogeneity are taken into account. The relations for nonlinear isotropic materials proposed in the frame-work of the theory of normalized stress spaces are taken as constitutive relations. A modification of a multilayer triangular hybrid finite element with five degrees of freedom in the node is formulated to describe the features of the mechanical behavior of building structures. A description is given of methods for modeling fictitious layers of an element corresponding to various variants of the stress-strain state of reinforced concrete. Quantitative estimates of the stress-strain state of the combined "building-base" system under the action of static loads of two types are obtained in the form of graphs of the dependence of dis-placements on the magnitude of the load in floor slabs and pylons. According to the results of the research, it was confirmed that taking into account "complicated" ones is necessary to obtain correct estimates of the stress-strain state of buildings

Sulfur composite technology from oil refinery waste

© Research India Publications.Oil and gas waste is a valuable material for chemical industry and new material intensive alternative. The article studies a possibility of obtaining inorganic sulfides from elemental sulfur and an active silica containing material with better mechanical and physical properties and analyses their formation. The usage of an aluminum chloride activator allows activating sulfur and silica components of materials that contributes to obtain unyielding and long-lasting sulfur composites having better performance properties. To understand the chemical processes developing in the system and prove new chemical bond formation, the quantum-chemical research using software products is undertaken. The comparative thermodynamic assessment of insertion and replacement reactions in triple and singlet state of sulfur is carried out. The impact of silicagel premodification with aluminum chloride on reaction with sulfur and calcium sulphide formation is defined. The quantum-chemical calculation results confirm the chemical reaction possibility between sulfur and silicagel modified with aluminum chloride. According to the research results, the schemes of obtaining silica containing materials from opal cristobalite rock of various deposits are suggested. According to the research results, we can offer the manufacture technology of inorganic sulfides and sulfur composites employing an activator-aluminum chloride. A key technology scheme of sulfur composite manufacturing from inorganic sulfides is developed. The acquired data on usage of interaction mechanisms of sulfur with various inorganic compounds can provide background for developing recycling technologies of sulfur obtained in the process of oil refining into sulfides and multipurpose materials

Production of sulfur composite materials from sulfur containing waste for construction applications

Production of high-quality sulfur composite materials with high performance. The physicochemical analysis and quantum chemical studies established that high physical and mechanical properties of the developed materials resulted from a chemical interaction between the components, which favored the formation of a compact homogeneous structure of the material

Study of effects of redispersable latex powders on hardening kinetics of cement-sand composites

Redispersable polymer powders act as boosters of the physical and mechanical properties in the cement-sand composite. For the studies the most typical redispersable polymer powders were used - Rhoximat PAV 22 and Rhoximat PAV 23 latex powders, by Rhodia. The analysis of the micrographs showed that the new formations of the cement rock had a pronounced needle-like form, and the cements with the additives were partially covered with the polymer film of the redispersable particles. The resulting polymer bridges and cords in the structure prevented growth of the cracks which were formed due to shrinkage and applied external force. Film-forming latex of redispersable powder can increase fracture energy of the cement-sand composite significantly. In view of this, of great significance is strength of the polymer itself. The higher strength polymer has, the greater force one should apply to fracture modified mixture. The basic components of Rhoximat PAV 22 and Rhoximat PAV 23 are vinyl acetate and vinyl versatate. Vinyl resins in the cement composites are known to develop a lattice which penetrates the structure formed by the cement gel, and, thus, act as an additional binder in the material

Production and investigation of properties of sulfide composite materials based on technogenic sulfur waste with titanium chloride as an activator

The modification with titanium chloride contributes to the increase in active sites of silica-containing compounds and opening of sulfur rings. As an activator, titanium chloride helps to make resistant and durable high-performance sulfur composite materials

Development of the recommendations on selection of glass-fiber reinforced polyurethanes for vehicle parts

© Research India Publications. Advanced polymer composites have essential features: high specific strength ratio, resistance to aggressive substances (water, fuel, oil, lubricants, weak alkalies and acids), wide operation temperature range (from -60 to +80 °C), sufficient durability (up to 10 years), high aesthetic qualities. The use of polymer composites for vehicle parts significantly reduces the curb weight of a vehicle, improves its dynamic behavior, increases its payload capacity, reduces its fuel consumption and emissions. The research was focused on the parts made of rigid glass-fiber reinforced polyurethane. The samples were made using the system based on polyol component А and isocyanate component B in a ratio of 1,75:1 (A:B). As a filler the glass fiber roving was used in the amount of 25 weight parts per 100 weight parts of the matrix component. The glass-fiber reinforced polyurethane parts were manufactured by spraying. The paper describes the comprehensive research of the glass-fiber reinforced polyurethane properties including the evaluation of thermal resistance, impact resilience, temperature resistance, Shore D hardness, acoustic absorption coefficient with the state-of-the-art test procedures and research equipment. The recommendations were developed to select glass-fiber reinforced polyurethanes for vehicle parts: for parts where the material is under high load during operation (temperature, impact resilience, etc.) it is recommended, whenever possible, to use the materials with larger thickness; for the parts where hardness is subject to special requirements – the materials with smaller thickness; during part production it is necessary to precisely carry out the operations of part manufacturing process to avoid any defects which are stress raisers and reduce the material strength

Development of the recommendations on selection of glass-fiber reinforced polyurethanes for vehicle parts

© Research India Publications. Advanced polymer composites have essential features: high specific strength ratio, resistance to aggressive substances (water, fuel, oil, lubricants, weak alkalies and acids), wide operation temperature range (from -60 to +80 °C), sufficient durability (up to 10 years), high aesthetic qualities. The use of polymer composites for vehicle parts significantly reduces the curb weight of a vehicle, improves its dynamic behavior, increases its payload capacity, reduces its fuel consumption and emissions. The research was focused on the parts made of rigid glass-fiber reinforced polyurethane. The samples were made using the system based on polyol component А and isocyanate component B in a ratio of 1,75:1 (A:B). As a filler the glass fiber roving was used in the amount of 25 weight parts per 100 weight parts of the matrix component. The glass-fiber reinforced polyurethane parts were manufactured by spraying. The paper describes the comprehensive research of the glass-fiber reinforced polyurethane properties including the evaluation of thermal resistance, impact resilience, temperature resistance, Shore D hardness, acoustic absorption coefficient with the state-of-the-art test procedures and research equipment. The recommendations were developed to select glass-fiber reinforced polyurethanes for vehicle parts: for parts where the material is under high load during operation (temperature, impact resilience, etc.) it is recommended, whenever possible, to use the materials with larger thickness; for the parts where hardness is subject to special requirements – the materials with smaller thickness; during part production it is necessary to precisely carry out the operations of part manufacturing process to avoid any defects which are stress raisers and reduce the material strength

Development of the recommendations on selection of glass-fiber reinforced polyurethanes for vehicle parts

© Research India Publications. Advanced polymer composites have essential features: high specific strength ratio, resistance to aggressive substances (water, fuel, oil, lubricants, weak alkalies and acids), wide operation temperature range (from -60 to +80 °C), sufficient durability (up to 10 years), high aesthetic qualities. The use of polymer composites for vehicle parts significantly reduces the curb weight of a vehicle, improves its dynamic behavior, increases its payload capacity, reduces its fuel consumption and emissions. The research was focused on the parts made of rigid glass-fiber reinforced polyurethane. The samples were made using the system based on polyol component А and isocyanate component B in a ratio of 1,75:1 (A:B). As a filler the glass fiber roving was used in the amount of 25 weight parts per 100 weight parts of the matrix component. The glass-fiber reinforced polyurethane parts were manufactured by spraying. The paper describes the comprehensive research of the glass-fiber reinforced polyurethane properties including the evaluation of thermal resistance, impact resilience, temperature resistance, Shore D hardness, acoustic absorption coefficient with the state-of-the-art test procedures and research equipment. The recommendations were developed to select glass-fiber reinforced polyurethanes for vehicle parts: for parts where the material is under high load during operation (temperature, impact resilience, etc.) it is recommended, whenever possible, to use the materials with larger thickness; for the parts where hardness is subject to special requirements – the materials with smaller thickness; during part production it is necessary to precisely carry out the operations of part manufacturing process to avoid any defects which are stress raisers and reduce the material strength

Sulfur composite technology from oil refinery waste

© Research India Publications.Oil and gas waste is a valuable material for chemical industry and new material intensive alternative. The article studies a possibility of obtaining inorganic sulfides from elemental sulfur and an active silica containing material with better mechanical and physical properties and analyses their formation. The usage of an aluminum chloride activator allows activating sulfur and silica components of materials that contributes to obtain unyielding and long-lasting sulfur composites having better performance properties. To understand the chemical processes developing in the system and prove new chemical bond formation, the quantum-chemical research using software products is undertaken. The comparative thermodynamic assessment of insertion and replacement reactions in triple and singlet state of sulfur is carried out. The impact of silicagel premodification with aluminum chloride on reaction with sulfur and calcium sulphide formation is defined. The quantum-chemical calculation results confirm the chemical reaction possibility between sulfur and silicagel modified with aluminum chloride. According to the research results, the schemes of obtaining silica containing materials from opal cristobalite rock of various deposits are suggested. According to the research results, we can offer the manufacture technology of inorganic sulfides and sulfur composites employing an activator-aluminum chloride. A key technology scheme of sulfur composite manufacturing from inorganic sulfides is developed. The acquired data on usage of interaction mechanisms of sulfur with various inorganic compounds can provide background for developing recycling technologies of sulfur obtained in the process of oil refining into sulfides and multipurpose materials