The consolidation and effectiveness of matrix support in mental health in Brazil - bottlenecks and challenges

Passados dez anos da implementação do apoio matricial nas redes de saúde por meio dos Núcleos de Apoio à Saúde da Família, ainda sente-se a falta de dados consistentes quanto à consolidação e efetividade desse arranjo. Nesse sentido, este estudo teve como objetivo revisar a bibliografia nacional dos últimos dez anos a fim de identificar os impasses e desafios vivenciados no apoio matricial em saúde mental na Atenção Primária, classificando-os a partir de uma reconstrução teórico-conceitual e fazendo uma articulação destes com os desafios pontuados em congêneres internacionais do apoio matricial. Entre os principais pontos levantados pelo estudo, destacou-se a necessidade de delineamentos claros para prática de matriciamento; investimento maciço em formação e capacitação dos profissionais; e criação de espaços institucionalizados com encontros sistemáticos dos profissionais para discussão dos casos e avaliação conjunta do andamento das atividades23COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESsem informaçãoTen years on from the introduction of matrix support in health networks through the creation of Family Health Support Centers, there is still a lack of consistent data to measure the success of consolidation and effectiveness of this arrangement. With this in mind, we conducted a literature review of national articles produced over the last ten years to identify the bottlenecks and challenges faced by matrix support in mental health in Primary Care. The problems were classified using a theoretical and conceptual reconstruction and drawing on similar experiences with matrix support in other countries. The following key points emerged from the review: the need to provide clear guidelines for matrix support; the need for major investment in training and capacity building; and the need to create institutionalized spaces to foster systematic communication between professionals to discuss cases and promote joint evaluation of the progress of activitie

Atmospheric Muon Flux at Sea Level, Underground, and Underwater

The vertical sea-level muon spectrum at energies above 1 GeV and the underground/underwater muon intensities at depths up to 18 km w.e. are calculated. The results are particularly collated with a great body of the ground-level, underground, and underwater muon data. In the hadron-cascade calculations, the growth with energy of inelastic cross sections and pion, kaon, and nucleon generation in pion-nucleus collisions are taken into account. For evaluating the prompt muon contribution to the muon flux, we apply two phenomenological approaches to the charm production problem: the recombination quark-parton model and the quark-gluon string model. To solve the muon transport equation at large depths of homogeneous medium, a semi-analytical method is used. The simple fitting formulas describing our numerical results are given. Our analysis shows that, at depths up to 6-7 km w. e., essentially all underground data on the muon intensity correlate with each other and with predicted depth-intensity relation for conventional muons to within 10%. However, the high-energy sea-level data as well as the data at large depths are contradictory and cannot be quantitatively decribed by a single nuclear-cascade model.Comment: 47 pages, REVTeX, 15 EPS figures included; recent experimental data and references added, typos correcte

Storing data generated by optical surface scanners using DICOM: a work item proposal

In CAS literature, one finds numerous examples of the usage of directly measured surfaces. Those surfaces are usually measured using so called "Surface Scanners" which employ structured light (pattern projection or laser) to measure the surface. From an integration standpoint, it would be beneficial for many applications to have all patient data in a common repository and since in many cases radiology images are involved as well, a PACS is a natural option for storage of this data. DICOM - the major standard used for storage and transmission of data within a PACS - has recently been extended by the option to store surface meshes using a newly introduced data structure. This new Surface Mesh Module can serve as a basis for storage of data generated by an optical surface scanner. Nonetheless, a new Information Object Definition for this kind of data has to be introduced to reflect the specific needs: Device specific parameters have to be stored and, in addition to the Surface Mesh Module, there must be the possibility to store textures as well. This paper gives an overview about the specific requirements and an outline of a Work Item leading to an Optical Surface Scan Information Object Definition (IOD). © 2010 COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only