FLORÍSTICA E ECOLOGIA DE SAMAMBAIAS E LICÓFITAS COMO INDICADORES DE CONSERVAÇÃO AMBIENTAL

O objetivo da pesquisa foi caracterizar a diversidade florística e os padrões ecológicos de samambaias e licófitas do Parque Ecológico Gunnar Vingren como elementos indicadores a conservação ambiental. Foi analisada a composição florística e os padrões ecológicos pela forma de vida, tipo de substrato e habitat. Foram registradas 12 famílias, 22 gêneros e 28 espécies, sendo Palhinhaea cernua (L.) Franco & Vasc., a única representante das licófitas. Pteridaceae, Dryopteridaceae e Polypodiaceae apresentaram o maior número de espécies e Thelypteris Schmidel, Elaphoglossum Schott ex J. Sm, Didymoglossum Desv. e Microgramma C. Presl com mais espécies. A forma de vida epífita foi dominante em 46,5% das espécies; o tipo de substrato mais comum foi o corticícola com 46,5% e a floresta de várzea registrou 32% do total das espécies. A composição de espécies exclusivas em determinado habitat contribuiu como indicativo do grau de conservação e perturbação no ambiente, portanto, necessários para o planejamento ambiental do Parque.Palavras-chave: epífitas, parque urbano, ecossistemas amazônicos.The objective of the research was to characterize the floristic diversity and ecological patterns of ferns and lycophytes Ecological Park Gunnar Vingren as elements bookmarks environmental conservation. Floristic composition and ecological standards for the way of life, type of substrate and habitat was analyzed. 12 families, 22 genera and 28 species being Palhinhaea cernua (L.) Franco &Vasc were recorded. The only representative of the lycophytes. Pteridaceae, Dryopteridaceae and Polypodiaceae had the highest number of species and Thelypteris Schmidel, Elaphoglossum Schott ex J. Sm, Didymoglossum Desv. and Microgramma C. Presl and more species. The form of epiphytic life was dominant in 46.5% of the species; the most common type of substrate corticícola with 46.5% and floodplain forest with 32% of total species. The unique composition of species in a given habitat contributes to indicate the level of disturbance in conservation and environment, so necessary for environmental planning of the Park.Keywords: epiphytes; urban park; amazonian ecosystems.

Combined association of obesity and other cardiometabolic diseases with severe COVID-19 outcomes: a nationwide cross-sectional study of 21 773 Brazilian adult and elderly inpatients.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the combined association of obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) with severe COVID-19 outcomes in adult and elderly inpatients. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study based on registry data from Brazil's influenza surveillance system. SETTING: Public and private hospitals across Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: Eligible population included 21 942 inpatients aged ≥20 years with positive reverse transcription-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 until 9 June 2020. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Severe COVID-19 outcomes were non-invasive and invasive mechanical ventilation use, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and death. Multivariate analyses were conducted separately for adults (20-59 years) and elders (≥60 years) to test the combined association of obesity (without and with DM and/or CVD) and degrees of obesity with each outcome. RESULTS: A sample of 8848 adults and 12 925 elders were included. Among adults, obesity with DM and/or CVD showed higher prevalence of invasive (prevalence ratio 3.76, 95% CI 2.82 to 5.01) and non-invasive mechanical ventilation use (2.06, 1.58 to 2.69), ICU admission (1.60, 1.40 to 1.83) and death (1.79, 1.45 to 2.21) compared with the group without obesity, DM and CVD. In elders, obesity alone (without DM and CVD) had the highest prevalence of ICU admission (1.40, 1.07 to 1.82) and death (1.67, 1.00 to 2.80). In both age groups, obesity alone and combined with DM and/or CVD showed higher prevalence in all outcomes than DM and/or CVD. A dose-response association was observed between obesity and death in adults: class I 1.32 (1.05 to 1.66), class II 1.41 (1.06 to 1.87) and class III 1.77 (1.35 to 2.33). CONCLUSIONS: The combined association of obesity, diabetes and/or CVD with severe COVID-19 outcomes may be stronger in adults than in elders. Obesity alone and combined with DM and/or CVD had more impact on the risk of COVID-19 severity than DM and/or CVD in both age groups. The study also supports an independent relationship of obesity with severe outcomes, including a dose-response association between degrees of obesity and death in adults

Incidence of and Factors Associated With Leprosy Among Household Contacts of Patients With Leprosy in Brazil.

Importance: Despite progress toward reducing global incidence, leprosy control remains a challenge in low- and middle-income countries. Objective: To estimate new case detection rates of leprosy among household contacts of patients with previously diagnosed leprosy and to investigate its associated risk factors. Design, Setting, and Participants: This population-based cohort study included families registered in the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort linked with nationwide registries of leprosy; data were collected from January 1, 2007, through December 31, 2014. Household contacts of patients with a previous diagnosis of leprosy from each household unit were followed up from the time of detection of the primary case to the time of detection of a subsequent case or until December 31, 2014. Data analysis was performed from May to December 2018. Exposures: Clinical characteristics of the primary case and sociodemographic factors of the household contact. Main Outcomes and Measures: Incidence of leprosy, estimated as the new case detection rate of leprosy per 100 000 household contacts at risk (person-years at risk). The association between occurrence of a subsequent leprosy case and the exposure risk factors was assessed using multilevel mixed-effects logistic regressions allowing for state- and household-specific random effects. Results: Among 42 725 household contacts (22 449 [52.5%] female; mean [SD] age, 22.4 [18.5] years) of 17 876 patients detected with leprosy, the new case detection rate of leprosy was 636.3 (95% CI, 594.4-681.1) per 100 000 person-years at risk overall and 521.9 (95% CI, 466.3-584.1) per 100 000 person-years at risk among children younger than 15 years. Household contacts of patients with multibacillary leprosy had higher odds of developing leprosy (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.48; 95% CI, 1.17-1.88), and the odds increased among contacts aged 50 years or older (adjusted OR, 3.11; 95% CI, 2.03-4.76). Leprosy detection was negatively associated with illiterate or preschool educational level (adjusted OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.38-0.92). For children, the odds were increased among boys (adjusted OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.20-2.42). Conclusions and Relevance: The findings in this Brazilian population-based cohort study suggest that the household contacts of patients with leprosy may have increased risk of leprosy, especially in households with existing multibacillary cases and older contacts. Public health interventions, such as contact screening, that specifically target this population appear to be needed