165 research outputs found
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A Study of Assimilation Bias in Name-Based Sampling of Migrants
The use of personal names for screening is an increasingly popular sampling technique for migrant populations. Although this is often an effective sampling procedure, very little is known about the properties of this method. Based on a large German survey, this article compares characteristics of respondents whose names have been correctly classified as belonging to a migrant population with respondentswho aremigrants and whose names have not been classified as belonging to a migrant population. Although significant differences were found for some variables even with some large effect sizes, the overall bias introduced by name-based sampling (NBS) is small as long as procedures with small false-negative rates are employed
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Ein neues Verfahren für namensbasierte Zufallsstichproben von Migranten
The set of best methods for sampling mi- grant populations includes name-based sampling. So far this is done using either ad-hoc lists or onomastic dictionaries for the classi cation of names. This paper pro- poses a new name-based procedure, which uses a Bayes-classi er for the n-grams of the name. The new procedure is fault-tol- erant of alternate spellings, and also allows the classi cation of names that are not found in dictionaries. It was tested using the names of about 1.600 foreigners in the PASS panel. Finally, a CATI survey based on the new method in Hesse is described
Investigation of Single Boron Acceptors at the Cleaved Si:B (111) Surface
The cleaved and (2 x 1) reconstructed (111) surface of p-type Si is
investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Single B acceptors are
identified due to their characteristic voltage-dependent contrast which is
explained by a local energetic shift of the electronic density of states caused
by the Coulomb potential of the negatively charged acceptor. In addition,
detailed analysis of the STM images shows that apparently one orbital is
missing at the B site at sample voltages of 0.4 - 0.6 V, corresponding to the
absence of a localized dangling-bond state. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy
confirms a strongly altered density of states at the B atom due to the
different electronic structure of B compared to Si.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figure
Critical Behavior of the Conductivity of Si:P at the Metal-Insulator Transition under Uniaxial Stress
We report new measurements of the electrical conductivity sigma of the
canonical three-dimensional metal-insulator system Si:P under uniaxial stress
S. The zero-temperature extrapolation of sigma(S,T -> 0) ~\S - S_c\^mu shows an
unprecidentedly sharp onset of finite conductivity at S_c with an exponent mu =
1. The value of mu differs significantly from that of earlier stress-tuning
results. Our data show dynamical sigma(S,T) scaling on both metallic and
insulating sides, viz. sigma(S,T) = sigma_c(T) F(\S - S_cT^y) where sigma_c(T)
is the conductivity at the critical stress S_c. We find y = 1/znu = 0.34 where
nu is the correlation-length exponent and z the dynamic critical exponent.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Effects of Magnetic Order on the Upper Critical Field of UPt
I present a Ginzburg-Landau theory for hexagonal oscillations of the upper
critical field of UPt near . The model is based on a
representation for the superconducting order parameter,
, coupled to an in-plane AFM order parameter,
. Hexagonal anisotropy of arises from the weak in-plane
anisotropy energy of the AFM state and the coupling of the superconducting
order parameter to the staggered field. The model explains the important
features of the observed hexagonal anisotropy [N. Keller, {\it et al.}, Phys.
Rev. Lett. {\bf 73}, 2364 (1994).] including: (i) the small magnitude, (ii)
persistence of the oscillations for , and (iii) the change in
sign of the oscillations for and (the temperature at the
tetracritical point). I also show that there is a low-field crossover
(observable only very near ) below which the oscillations should vanish.Comment: 9 pages in a RevTex (3.0) file plus 2 postscript figures (uuencoded).
Submitted to Physical Review B (December 20, 1994)
Influence of a magnetic field on the antiferromagnetic order in UPt_3
A neutron diffraction experiment was performed to investigate the effect of a
magnetic field on the antiferromagnetic order in the heavy fermion
superconductor UPt_3. Our results show that a field in the basal plane of up to
3.2 Tesla, higher than H_c2(0), has no effect: it can neither select a domain
nor rotate the moment. This has a direct impact on current theories for the
superconducting phase diagram based on a coupling to the magnetic order.Comment: 7 pages, RevTeX, 3 postscript figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Magnetic Field Effects on Neutron Diffraction in the Antiferromagnetic Phase of
We discuss possible magnetic structures in UPt based on our analysis of
elastic neutron-scattering experiments in high magnetic fields at temperatures
. The existing experimental data can be explained by a single-{\bf q}
antiferromagnetic structure with three independent domains. For modest in-plane
spin-orbit interactions, the Zeeman coupling between the antiferromagnetic
order parameter and the magnetic field induces a rotation of the magnetic
moments, but not an adjustment of the propagation vector of the magnetic order.
A triple-{\bf q} magnetic structure is also consistent with neutron
experiments, but in general leads to a non-uniform magnetization in the
crystal. New experiments could decide between these structures.Comment: 5 figures included in the tex
Unconventional Pairing in Heavy Fermion Metals
The Fermi-liquid theory of superconductivity is applicable to a broad range
of systems that are candidates for unconventional pairing. Fundamental
differences between unconventional and conventional anisotropic superconductors
are illustrated by the unique effects that impurities have on the
low-temperature transport properties of unconventional superconductors. For
special classes of unconventional superconductors the low-temperature transport
coefficients are {\it universal}, i.e. independent of the impurity
concentration and scattering phase shift. The existence of a universal limit
depends on the symmetry of the order parameter and is achieved at low
temperatures , where is the bandwidth
of the impurity induced Andreev bound states. In the case of UPt thermal
conductivity measurements favor an or ground state.
Measurements at ultra-low temperatures should distinguish different pairing
states.Comment: 8 pages in a LaTex (3.0) file plus 5 Figures in PostScript. To appear
in the Proceedings of the XXI International Conference on Low Temperature
Physics held in Prague, 8-14 August 199
Superconductivity in heavy-fermion U(Pt,Pd)3 and its interplay with magnetism
The effect of Pd doping on the superconducting phase diagram of the
unconventional superconductor UPt3 has been measured by (magneto)resistance,
specific heat, thermal expansion and magnetostriction. Experiments on single-
and polycrystalline U(Pt1-xPdx)3 for x<= 0.006 show that the superconducting
transition temperatures of the A phase, Tc+, and of the B phase, Tc-, both
decrease, while the splitting DTc increases at a rate of 0.30(2)K/at.%Pd. We
find that DTc(x) correlates with an increase of the weak magnetic moment m(x)
upon Pd doping. This provides further evidence for Ginzburg-Landau scenarios
with magnetism as the symmetry breaking field, i.e. the 2D E representation and
the 1D odd parity model. Only for small splittings DTc is proportional to
m^2(Tc+) (DTc<= 0.05 K) as predicted. The results at larger splittings call for
Ginzburg-Landau expansions beyond 4th order. The tetracritical point in the B-T
plane persists till at least x= 0.002 for B perpendicular to c, while it is
rapidly suppressed for B||c. Upon alloying the A and B phases gain stability at
the expense of the C phase.Comment: 25 pages text (PS), 8 pages with 14 figures (PS), submitted to
Phys.Rev.
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