Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the kidney in southern Senegal (Ziguinchor): case report and review of the literature

The kidney's primary squamous cell carcinoma is a rare tumor, representing 0.5-0.8% of malignant renal tumors and 4% of upper urinary tract tumors. This pathology often occurs after a long past history of renal lithiasis and repeated untreated or poorly treated urinary tract infections. The delay in diagnosis resulting from an insidious symptomatology, without specific signs, often leads to a pejorative development, especially in poor countries. A seventy-nine-year-old Senegalese woman, with no past history of lithiasis nor recurrent urinary tract infection and urinary schistosomiasis, was received for a recurrent total hematuria associated with left lumbar pain. Clinical examination revealed a mobile tender left lumbar mass, with lumbar contact and renal sloshing. The left renal tumor´s diagnosis was retained on clinical and scannographic arguments, justifying an enlarged left total nephrectomy, by laparotomy. The anatomopathological examination of the surgical sample made it possible to make the diagnosis of primary invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the left kidney and to find foci of carcinoma in-situ on squamous metaplasia in the calyxes. Unlike the typical case of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the kidney, our patient did not have a long past history of renal lithiasis nor untreated or poorly treated recurrent urinary tract infections and urinary schistosomiasis. Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the kidney may not be related to a past history of recurrent urinary tract infections and lithiasis, but to any other cause of squamous metaplasia of the urothelium. Surgery remains the best option for this entity

Multiparity and Breast Cancer Risk Factor among Women in Burkina Faso

The relative lack of information on breast cancer etiology in Burkina Faso led us to undertake the present work to highlight risk factors. This prospective study was conducted using a questionnaire between January 2015 and February 2016 on women admitted to Yalgado OUEDRAOGO hospital, for consultation or supervision. The characteristics of multiparous breast cancer patients (n = 44) were compared with their non-multiparous counterparts (n = 36). The study found that increased risk of breast cancer among non-multiparous cases was related to body mass index (BMI) (p <0.001), age at menopause (p <0.004) and use of oral contraception (p <0.021) while abortion (p <0.002) was a risk factor among multiparous cases. These results suggest that even if multiparity is associated with a decreased risk in some women, avoidance of abortion during reproductive life should be recommended. The results provide preliminary information, which now need to be supplemented by survey of a larger sample in the national territory.Peer reviewe

Place de la chirurgie dans la prise en charge des cancers du sein chez la femme au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouedraogo: à propos de 81 cas

Etudier la place de la chirurgie dans la prise en charge des cancers du sein au centre hospitalier  universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo. Nous avons réalisé une étude prospective et descriptive sur dix (10) mois portant sur la place de la chirurgie dans le cancer du sein. Elle a eu pour cadre les services de  gynécologie-obstétrique et de chirurgie viscérale et digestive du centre hospitalier universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo. Ont été pris en compte les indications, les gestes et les résultats de la chirurgie. Nous avons colligé 81 cancers mammaires. Le délai moyen de consultation a été de 14,26 mois. Les tumeurs T3 à T4 représentaient 82,71% des cas. Trente-huit patientes (46,91%) ont été opérées. La chimiothérapie néo adjuvante a été réalisée dans 29,63% des cas. Trente-quatre patientes (41,97%) étaient opérables  d'emblée. Il s'agissait de mastectomie selon Madden dans 94,74% des cas et de chirurgie de propreté dans 2 cas (5,26% des cas). Une chimiothérapie adjuvante a été réalisée chez 52,63% des patientes  opérées. Des complications à type de lymphocèle ont été notées dans 23,68% des cas. Leur traitement a consisté en des ponctions évacuatrices. Les indications de la chirurgie sont limitées par le retard diagnostique corollaire de stades avancés des cancers du sein. L'absence de la radiothérapie rend délicate la pratique de la chirurgie conservatrice et la mastectomie occupe toujours une place importante. Un  diagnostic précoce permettrait d'augmenter les indications chirurgicales.Key words: Cancer, sein, chirurgie, Ouagadougo

Low-cost small-scale irrigation for developing an agroforestry system in the semi-arid zone of Niger: case of the apple of the Sahel (Ziziphus mauritiana L.)

Cultivation of the ‘Apple of the Sahel’ (also known as Indian Jujube) is central to the food security, nutrition, and income of rural communities in developing countries like Niger. However, rainfall variability significantly impacts the development of this plant. This study aims to determine the effects of seasonal water regimes on the growth and productivity of the Apple of the Sahel. The trials were conducted in 2020 and 2021 during the rainy and dry seasons at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) experimental site in Sadore, Niamey, Niger. The experiment was arranged in a factorial design with three irrigation doses (D) and three irrigation systems (G) as main and subplot factors, respectively. The sub-subplot factors were irrigation frequencies (F) and growth boosters (B), each with two levels. In the dry season, irrigation dose application significantly (p = 0.001) increased soil volumetric water content (vwc). A similar increase in soil vwc was achieved under small-scale drip irrigation with an application of the same dose of organic material (p = 0.001). The diameter of the Apple of the Sahel trees significantly increased (p = 0.03) under the small-scale drip irrigation systems with 6.72 mm recorded under the two-drip irrigation system (G2) as compared with the manual system (G0). In the dry season, the total fruit harvest of Apple of the Sahel recorded had increased (p = 0.04) under the irrigated system, varying from 112 to 246% depending on the number of drippers, and compared to the manual system. These results highlight that small-scale drip irrigation should be used in combination with appropriate water and fertilizer management to improve water availability and tree yield in agroforestry systems in arid regions such as Niger

Stock identification: advancing in the knowledge of stock structure as a requirement for stock assessment

DEMERSTEM- Objectives of WP 1: -Improve the knowledge on the selected demersal stocks with a particular effort to solve the problems of stock identification and improvement of the quality of the data used for the assessment. -This follows the recommendations regularly made by CECAF.Peer reviewe

Adaptation de l’ETP aux barrières linguistiques et culturelles.

International audienc

Adaptation de l’ETP aux barrières linguistiques et culturelles

International audienc