Evolution of the Graphene Layer in Hybrid Graphene/Silicon Carbide Heterostructures upon Heating

The hybrid graphene/SiC model is studied via molecular dynamics simulation to observe the evolution of the graphene layer upon heating. A two-layer model containing 10,000 graphene atoms and 7000 SiC atoms is heated from 50 K to 6000 K via Tersoff and Lennard-Jones potentials. The melting point zone is defined as the temperature range from 4400 K to 4600 K, which is close to the melting zone of graphite in an experiment. The Lindemann criterion for the 2D case is calculated and used to observe the appearance of liquid-like atoms. The evolution upon heating is analyzed on the basis of the occurrence/growth of liquid-like atoms, the radial distribution functions, and the formation of clusters. The liquid-like atoms tend to form clusters, and the largest cluster increases in size slightly to form a single largest cluster of liquid-like atoms

Estimating Economic Relationships under Measurement Error: An Application to the Productivity of US Manufacturing

We propose an approach to the problem of measurement errors that evokes long established but rarely used results about the identifiability of the error-in variables (EIV) models. Our approach uses the dynamic structure of the true series and measurement errors to identify the parameters of interest. The dynamics of the underlying time series are introduced into the model using a structural time series approach and the identification of the parameters of interest is achieved by a simple property of the multivariate normal distribution. This modeling framework has several advantages. The first is the possibility of incorporating more flexible components of the time series being studied, such as trends, cycles, and seasonality. The second is that the model allows for a non-zero correlation between the measurement errors of the variables involved in the structural relationship. The third is that using a multivariate normal distribution to derive the structural relationship between variables allows for the time-variation in the relationship, i.e., in both slope and intercept parameters. We prove two results to show our estimator can identify the structural parameters, provide a simulation exercise and an empirical illustration using data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics to compare our findings to those recently presented in Diewert and Fox (2008), where they raise the issue of severe measurement error and the endogeneity of inputs and outputs

A Series of Metal-Organic Frameworks for Selective CO2 Capture and Catalytic Oxidative Carboxylation of Olefins

Three novel lanthanide metal˗organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs), namely MOF-590, -591, and -592 were constructed from a naphthalene diimide tetracarboxylic acid. Gas adsorption measurements of MOF-591 and -592 revealed good adsorption of CO2 (low pressure, at room temperature) and moderate CO2 selectivity over N2 and CH4. Accordingly, breakthrough measurements were performed on a representative MOF-592, in which the separation of CO2 from binary mixture containing N2 and CO2 was demonstrated without any loss in performance over three consecutive cycles. Moreover, MOF-590, MOF-591, and MOF-592 exhibited catalytic activity in the one-pot synthesis of styrene carbonate from styrene and CO2 under mild conditions (1 atm CO2, 80 °C, and solvent-free). Among the new materials, MOF-590 revealed a remarkable efficiency with exceptional conversion (96%), selectivity (95%), and yield (91%). <br /

High Methanol Uptake Capacity in Two New Series of Metal–Organic Frameworks: Promising Materials for Adsorption-Driven Heat Pump Applications

Two new series of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), termed M-VNU-74-I and -II (where M = Mg, Ni, Co; VNU = Vietnam National University) were designed to expand the methanol uptake capacities with polar amide functionalities. The resulting MOFs, isoreticular to MOF-74, exhibited high porosity (up to 3000 m² g^–1) as well as the highest reported methanol uptake [>1 g g^–1 or >400 cm³ cm^–3]. As a representative example, Mg-VNU-74-II was shown to maintain a remarkably high stability and methanol mass transfer capacity for at least 42 ad/desorption cycles (3 days). Indeed, these findings highlight the potential of such materials for practical use in adsorption heat pump applications

Non-fatal injury in Thailand from 2005 to 2013: Incidence trends and links to alcohol consumption patterns in the Thai Cohort Study

Background: We analyzed population-based injury trends and the association between injury and alcohol consumption patterns in Thailand, a middle-income country undergoing rapid social change. Methods: A nationwide cohort of 42 785 Thai adult Open University students, who were aged 15 to 87 years at enrolment, participated in cross-sectional assessments at baseline (2005) and 8 years later (2013). Incident non-fatal traffic and non-traffic injuries were recorded. Alcohol consumption patterns were categorized as follows: nondrinkers, occasional light drinkers, occasional heavy drinkers, regular drinkers, and ex-drinkers. Logistic regression was used to assess associations in 2005 and 2013 between injuries and alcohol consumption. We adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for socio-demographic factors, stress, health behaviors, and risk-taking behaviors. Results: Incidence estimates in 2013 were standardized to the age structure of 2005: the standardized rates were 10% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.32-9.89) for participants with at least one non-traffic injury and 5% (95% CI, 4.86-5.29) for those with at least one traffic injury. Both standardized incidences for non-traffic and traffic injuries were significantly lower than corresponding rates in 2005 (20% and 6%, respectively). Alcohol consumption was significantly associated with non-traffic injury in 2005, but the association disappeared in 2013. For example, nontraffic injury was associated with regular drinking (adjusted OR 1.17; 95% CI, 1.01-1.40) in 2005, but not in 2013 (adjusted OR 0.89; 95% CI, 0.73-1.10). In both survey years, traffic injury was not associated with occasional heavy drinking when adjusted for health and risk-taking behavior. Conclusions: We examined non-fatal injury and the health-risk transition in Thailand in 2005 and 2013. Our data revealed decreases in alcohol consumption and non-fatal injury in the Thai Cohort between 2005 and 2013. Alcoholrelated injury in Thailand today could be amenable to preventive intervention