Distribution and Prolonged Diapause of the Rowan Seed Predators Argyresthia conjugella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) and Megastigmus brevicaudis (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) and their Parasitoids in Norway

The seed predator Argyresthia conjugella Zeller has rowan as its preferred host plant. In years of poor fruiting in rowan, it oviposits on apples. To improve the knowledge of this apple pest, rowanberries were collected from localities all over Norway from 1971 to 1985, and seed predators and their parasitoids were allowed to emerge for up to five years. Two species of seed predators, A. conjugella and Megastimus brevicaudis Ratzeburg, and seven species of parasitic Hymenoptera were common. The distribution of these species is shown on EIS (European Invertebrate Survey) maps of Norway. The biology of the parasitoids is summarized based on the published literature and their behavior during emergence. The tendency for delayed emergence, which is an indication of prolonged diapause, was more pronounced in M. brevicaudis than in A. conjugella, the former appearing in all five years. Five of the parasitoids also delayed their emergence, and three of them to a high degree, up to five years. Prolonged diapause must be taken into account in studies of rowanberry insect guilds.publishedVersio

Management of strawberry blossom weevil and European tarnished plant bug in organic strawberry and raspberry using semiochemical traps

The strawberry blossom weevil (Anthonomus rubi) and the European tarnished plant bug (Lygus rugulipennis) cause large (10 - >80%) losses in yield and quality in organically grown berries. A consortium with 6 European countries has been created to work on the management of those pests. The pheromones of A. rubi and L. rugulipennis have been characterized in England by NRI/EMR. For the attraction of A. rubi the importance of host plant volatiles in combination with the pheromones has also been documented. The natural semiochemical mechanisms of sexual attraction and host plant finding of A. rubi and L. rugulipennis will be further studied and exploited to develop effective semiochemical traps for their management through mass trapping. Attractive lures for these two species will then be combined into a single multitrap with the aim of managing two pests simultaneously in each crop. This will be one of the first approaches to pest management of non-lepidopteran insect pests of horticultural crops using semiochemicals in the EU, and probably the first to target multiple species from different insect orders. The project will be organized in the following work packages; 1) Chemical analysis of plant volatiles, 2) Pest insects in strawberry, 3) Pest insects in raspberry and 4) Trap design and lure development. The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support for this project provided by the CORE Organic II Funding Bodies, being partners of the FP7 ERA-Net project, CORE Organic II (Coordination of European Transnational Research in Organic Food and Farming systems, project no. 249667)

Rognebærmøll - en sulten flyktning i eplehagen

Det hender at det er mark i eplene. Som oftest er det larven til rognebærmøll som er på ferde. Rognebærmøll er en liten sommerfugl som har fått navnet sitt fordi den har rogn som vertplante. I enkelte år er det lite bær på rogna og møllet må ta til takke med eple som nødproviant. Bioforsk har siden 1980-tallet beregnet angrepsfare av rognebærmøll for Norges epledyrkere. Disse prognosene har mer enn halvert antall sprøytinger i eple, til kun de årene det meldt om angrep. I tillegg har en temperaturmodell økt presisjonen på varslingen slik at gjentatte sprøytinger er minimert. Prognoser og modeller kan imidlertid melde om angrep uten at det slår til. Vi har utviklet et luktstoff som kan bøte på dette. Lukten lokker rognebærmøllen i feller når de flyr inn i eplehagen. Overvåkning med slike feller kan redusere antall sprøytinger med ytterligere 50 – 80 prosent

University of San Diego Women\u27s Rowing Media Guide 2005-2006

16 pages : illustrations, portraits ; 21.5 x 28 cmhttps://digital.sandiego.edu/amg-rowing-women/1004/thumbnail.jp

Known and Potential Invertebrate Vectors of Raspberry Viruses

The estimated global production of raspberry from year 2016 to 2020 averaged 846,515 tons. The most common cultivated Rubus spp. is European red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L. subsp. idaeus). Often cultivated for its high nutritional value, the red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) is susceptible to multiple viruses that lead to yield loss. These viruses are transmitted through different mechanisms, of which one is invertebrate vectors. Aphids and nematodes are known to be vectors of specific raspberry viruses. However, there are still other potential raspberry virus vectors that are not well-studied. This review aimed to provide an overview of studies related to this topic. All the known invertebrates feeding on raspberry were summarized. Eight species of aphids and seven species of plant-parasitic nematodes were the only proven raspberry virus vectors. In addition, the eriophyid mite, Phyllocoptes gracilis, has been suggested as the natural vector of raspberry leaf blotch virus based on the current available evidence. Interactions between vector and non-vector herbivore may promote the spread of raspberry viruses. As a conclusion, there are still multiple aspects of this topic that require further studies to get a better understanding of the interactions among the viral pathogens, invertebrate vectors, and non-vectors in the raspberry agroecosystem. Eventually, this will assist in development of better pest management strategies.publishedVersio

Biologisk veiledningsprøving 2022. Skadedyrmidler

I 2022 ble det utført forsøk med skadedyrmidler i frukt og bær, og anlagt et forsøk i hodekål. I eple er det utført forsøk med ulike kjemiske og biologiske plantevernmidler mot blodlus (Eriosoma lanigerum), rognebærmøll (Argyresthia conjugella) og andre sommerfuglarter. I søtkirsebær er det utført et forsøk med feller med gjærlukt kombinert med farge for å øke fangsten og eventuelt også bekjempelse av kirsebærflue (Rhagoletis cerasi). Det er også utført forsøk med alternative midler mot bringebærbarkgallmygg (Resseliella theobaldi) i økologisk bringebær. Forsøket mot kålmøll i hodekål ble anlagt og delvis registrert, men ikke fullført på grunn av svakt angrep. Forsøkene og enkelte forsøksledd er finansiert av ulike prosjekter og finansieringskilder.Biologisk veiledningsprøving 2022. SkadedyrmidlerpublishedVersionpublishedVersio

Biologisk veiledningsprøving 2022. Skadedyrmidler

I 2022 ble det utført forsøk med skadedyrmidler i frukt og bær, og anlagt et forsøk i hodekål. I eple er det utført forsøk med ulike kjemiske og biologiske plantevernmidler mot blodlus (Eriosoma lanigerum), rognebærmøll (Argyresthia conjugella) og andre sommerfuglarter. I søtkirsebær er det utført et forsøk med feller med gjærlukt kombinert med farge for å øke fangsten og eventuelt også bekjempelse av kirsebærflue (Rhagoletis cerasi). Det er også utført forsøk med alternative midler mot bringebærbarkgallmygg (Resseliella theobaldi) i økologisk bringebær. Forsøket mot kålmøll i hodekål ble anlagt og delvis registrert, men ikke fullført på grunn av svakt angrep. Forsøkene og enkelte forsøksledd er finansiert av ulike prosjekter og finansieringskilder.Biologisk veiledningsprøving 2022. SkadedyrmidlerpublishedVersio

Trapping of Lygus rugulipennis in Norwegian strawberry crops

European tarnished plant bug (ETB) sex pheromone traps in Norwegian strawberry must be deployed very early in the season to maximize catches. To trap females or the new generation, other attractants must be added. The strawberry blossom weevil attractant PV2 may act as a slight antagonist in ETB trapping, especially early in the season

Traps for Lygus rugulipennis and Anthonomus rubi: preliminary results from Softpest Multitrap activities in Latvia

There is a lack of appropriate plant protection methods against strawberry blossom weevil (SBW) not only in organic plantations, but also in plantations, where IPM is used. European tarnished plant bug (ETPB) is not currently recognized as a pest in Latvian strawberry plantations, because the visual defects made by bugs are not important for Latvian consumers. Cross vane bucket traps and sticky stake traps were the most effective for trapping SBW in Latvia. These traps, where the lure was positioned at the top of cross vanes, were also the most effective for capturing ETPB