Endometrial immunocompetent cells in proliferative and secretory phase of normal menstrual cycle

Background: Menstruation was presented as a result of inflammatory process. The total and relative numbers of the endometrial immunocompetitive cells vary during the different phases of the menstrual cycle. The aim of this morphological study is to make a contribution to understanding different distribution of leukocyte types during proliferative and secretory phase of normal menstrual cycle. Materials and methods: The study included 40 women (20 in proliferative and 20 in secretory phase of the menstrual cycle). Exploratory curettage performed as preoperative preparation due to uterine myomas. Immunophenotyping was performed by immunoalkaline phosphatase (APAAP) using monoclonal antibodies: CD15, CD20, CD30, CD45RO, CD56, CD57 and CD68. The results were statistically analysed using SPSS 20.0 software. Results: Natural killer (NK) cells are dominant during secretory, and CD45RO T lymphocytes are dominant during proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle. During the secretory phase of menstrual cycle, leukocytes make 30% of total endometrial cells. NK cells (CD56+ bright subpopulation), activated T lymphocytes, macrophages and B lymphocytes significantly increase in their number during the secretory phase of menstrual cycle. Conclusions: Significant changes in endometrial leukocyte populations during proliferative and secretory phase of the menstrual cycle are emphasized. Changes in dominance of different leukocyte subpopulations are determined by hormonal and microenvironmental changes in modulatory factors that have not yet been fully explained

Position and size of massa intermedia in Serbian brains

Background: Massa intermedia, a midline bar-shaped structure, connects two thalami across the third ventricle in 70–80% of healthy humans. It has become clinically important since its absence was comprehended as a midline malformation of the brain and brought in connection with schizophrenia indicating that some symptoms could be a consequence of disturbed neuron chains underlying the mechanisms of attention and processing of information. The aim of the investigation was to find out the incidence, position, and size of massa intermedia in the brains of the Serbian population. Materials and methods: Our investigation was performed on 41 brains of adult Serbian cadavers using a macro dissection method. Results: Massa intermedia was present in 80.49% of cases, in 1 case it was double. In most of the cases it was located in the superior quadrants of the lateral wall of the third ventricle, the larger part being in the anterosuperior one. Some other combinations were also present. The horizontal diameter of the cross-section was larger than vertical and was not in correlation with the length of the third ventricle. The average cross-sectional area was 29.58 mm2, significantly larger in females. Conclusions: Massa intermedia is present in most of the investigated brains, usually connecting the anterior-superior quadrants of the lateral walls of the third ventricle. Different in shape and size its cross-section is a horizontal ellipse, significantly larger in females. The cross-sectional area and the size of the third ventricle are not in correlation

Morfološka svojstva i in vitro vaskularna reaktivnost prekobrojne arterije u zadnjem segmentu arterijskog prstena mozga kod humanog kadavera

Morphologically, the posterior segment of the cerebral arterial circle (CAC) consist of two posterior communicating arteries (ACoPs) and precommunicating parts of the posterior cerebral arteries. In fetuses and adult cadavers, an excess (variable) artery is found, which is a cause for macromorphological, micromorphological and pharmacological investigation in this study, as well as the conditions under which it occurs. Macromorphological study was conducted on 388 brains of human cadavers up to 95 years of age. Micromorphological examination included hematoxylin–eosin and modified Movat pentahrome staining. Pharmacological study involved the examination of the vascular response of the arteries in the posterior segment of the CAC on the endogenous and some synthetic substances. An excess artery in the posterior segment of the CAC, named as a. communicans intermedia (ACoI) occurs in two forms―morphologically stated (ACoI*), or as a pseudo form (p–ACoI*). The both forms of ACoI were observed in 12.6% of the examined cadavers. The investigation did not proved statistically significant relationship between gender and the occurrence of the (p–)ACoI*. An excess artery was noted significantly more frequent in cases with asymmetrical posterior segment of the CAC, more often as a p–ACoI*. ACoI* was noted significantly more frequent in cases with ipsilateral adult, and p–ACoI* in fetal configuration of the ipsilateral posterior segment of the CAC. An excess artery had the smallest diameter and the smallest deviation in diameter compared to the adjacent arteries. Side branches was recorded in half of the (p–)ACoI* and twice as often on the left side. There were no differences in the structure of the arterial wall of the (p–)ACoI* in comparison to other arteries of the posterior segment of the CAC. All changes in the structure of arterial walls, except in the level of microaneurismal enlargements, could be explained by ageing. During the pharmacological study, vasomotion was noted and differences in the vascular responses of the examined arteries were found, particularly during treatments by vasoconstrictors. Predominant unilateral appearance of the ACoI* in the posterior segment of the CAC with adult configurations, or p–ACoI* in the posterior segment with fetal configuration, as well as common pharmacological response, more like the carotid arteries of origin, indicate the influence of embryological vascular and hemodynamic factors during their formation

Morfološka svojstva i in vitro vaskularna reaktivnost prekobrojne arterije u zadnjem segmentu arterijskog prstena mozga kod humanog kadavera

Morphologically, the posterior segment of the cerebral arterial circle (CAC) consist of two posterior communicating arteries (ACoPs) and precommunicating parts of the posterior cerebral arteries. In fetuses and adult cadavers, an excess (variable) artery is found, which is a cause for macromorphological, micromorphological and pharmacological investigation in this study, as well as the conditions under which it occurs. Macromorphological study was conducted on 388 brains of human cadavers up to 95 years of age. Micromorphological examination included hematoxylin–eosin and modified Movat pentahrome staining. Pharmacological study involved the examination of the vascular response of the arteries in the posterior segment of the CAC on the endogenous and some synthetic substances. An excess artery in the posterior segment of the CAC, named as a. communicans intermedia (ACoI) occurs in two forms―morphologically stated (ACoI*), or as a pseudo form (p–ACoI*). The both forms of ACoI were observed in 12.6% of the examined cadavers. The investigation did not proved statistically significant relationship between gender and the occurrence of the (p–)ACoI*. An excess artery was noted significantly more frequent in cases with asymmetrical posterior segment of the CAC, more often as a p–ACoI*. ACoI* was noted significantly more frequent in cases with ipsilateral adult, and p–ACoI* in fetal configuration of the ipsilateral posterior segment of the CAC. An excess artery had the smallest diameter and the smallest deviation in diameter compared to the adjacent arteries. Side branches was recorded in half of the (p–)ACoI* and twice as often on the left side. There were no differences in the structure of the arterial wall of the (p–)ACoI* in comparison to other arteries of the posterior segment of the CAC. All changes in the structure of arterial walls, except in the level of microaneurismal enlargements, could be explained by ageing. During the pharmacological study, vasomotion was noted and differences in the vascular responses of the examined arteries were found, particularly during treatments by vasoconstrictors. Predominant unilateral appearance of the ACoI* in the posterior segment of the CAC with adult configurations, or p–ACoI* in the posterior segment with fetal configuration, as well as common pharmacological response, more like the carotid arteries of origin, indicate the influence of embryological vascular and hemodynamic factors during their formation

Double unilateral fenestration of the anterior cerebral artery in the pre-communicating segment: a report of a unique case

A unique example of two fenestrations of the pre-communicating (A1) segment of the right anterior cerebral artery (ACA) in a 78-year old woman was a special case among 388 cadaveric specimens. It was found by a retrospective review of the personal data obtained during graduate and undergraduate studies at the Faculty of Medicine. Two unequal fenestrations of the right A1 segment were associated with the presence of a pseudo anterior communicating artery, hypoplasia of the right posterior communicating artery and the left superior cerebellar artery, absence of the right anterior inferior cerebellar artery, and ectasia of the basilar artery; however, the cerebral arteries were without aneurysm(s) or other pathology. The reason could be the almost equal ACA diameter on both sides

Periodontal ligament regulatory role in experimental diabetic rat model of parodontium remodelation

Background: Diabetes, among multiple systemic harmful health issues, also may deteriorate normal regenerative and reparative functions of periodontium. The aim of this research was to study the role of periodontal ligament in tissue remodeling under the orthodontic appliance stimulation in two rat experimental models (healthy Wistar rats and Goto-Kakizaki, rodent model of non-obese type 2 diabetes). Materials and methods: It was defined four groups of rats: Wistar (n = 8) and Goto-Kakizaki (n = 8) control groups without orthodontic appliances, and Wistar (n = 16) and Goto-Kakizaki (n = 16) appliance groups with orthodontic appliances. After 42 days, rats were sacrificed and histopathology descriptive analysis about periodontal ligament and adjacent structures was performed as well as cellularity of periodontal ligament and Kappa curvature of tooth roots were measured. Results: Goto-Kakizaki control rats showed statistically significantly higher cellularity in comparison with Wistar control rats (p<0.001). Both applied groups (WI 44.63±6.68; GK 79.58±10.06) also showed statistically significantly higher cellularity (p<0.001) in comparison with control groups (WI 34.48±6.92; GK 45.31±11.18). Applied groups (WI 0.197±0.2; GK 0.126±0.083) had statistically significant higher values of Kappa curvature in comparison with control groups (WI 0.023±0.011; GK 0.037±0.011) (WI appliance vs. WI control p<0.001; GK appliance vs. GK control p<0.05). Agitated periodontal ligament caused different degrees of cementoclasia and additionally dentinoclasia, altering the natural root curvature. In extremely cases, root apex was damaged and dental pulp was altered. Conclusions: Goto-Kakizaki rats, as diabetes mellitus type 2 animal model, showed constitutional hypercellularity of the periodontal ligament, greater resorptive activity at the level of the molar roots as well as tendency toward prolonged reconstitution of periodontium

Preparation and optical properties of US nanoparticles dispersed in poly(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methaerylate-co-acrylic acid) co-polymers

CdS/poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate-co-acrylic acid) nanocomposites were prepared and characterized using structural, optical and thermal methods. Co-polymers used as the matrices were synthesized by radical polymerization of the co-monomers in different mol ratios (1: 1, 2:1 and 1:2, DMAEMA:acrylic acid). The presence of the nanostructured CdS was confirmed by TEM analysis as well as by the shift of the onset of the optical absorption towards lower wavelengths. XRD spectra showed the cubic crystal phase of the obtained CdS nanoparticles. TGA measurements revealed improved thermal stability of the nanocomposite with respect to pure co-polymer matrix. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.1st International Conference on Physics of Optical Materials and Devices, Aug 31-Sep 02, 2006, Herceg Novi, Montenegr

Confined growth of Ag2S semiconductor nanocrystals in the presence of PDMAEMA-co-AA polyampholyte co-polymer

Silver sulfide (Ag2S) nanoparticles were synthesized in the presence of poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate-co-acrylic acid) co-polymer. It was shown that this polyampholyte can stabilize the growth of the Ag2S in solution which resulted in formation of nanoparticles with relatively narrow size distribution. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized with structural and optical methods. The results showed that their average size depended on the number of acrylic acid units along the polymer chains. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved