SEWER DISCHARGE CHARACTERISTICS AND WATER BALANCE IN DRY SEASON IN HUE, VIETNAM

Vietnam has been developing sewerage recently. Although sewer discharge quantity and quality data is vital for proper sewage management, their fluctuation has not been well characterized in most of cities in developing countries. This study aimed to characterize a combined sewer discharge in a residential drainage area (11.2 ha) in Hue city, Vietnam on dry days in dry season (DdDs). A 24-hour survey on sewage quantity and quality was conducted at the sewer outlet on two weekdays and two weekends in July 2015. Household water consumption was hourly recorded from water meters for 23 households. Then results of discharge characteristics were compared with those on dry days in rainy season (DdRs) of our previous study. Results showed that hourly variations of flow rate corresponded to the water consumption trend. Average discharge flow rate was equivalent to 38.5 ± 4.4 L/cap/day, which was much lower than that on DdRs (64.2 ± 25.0 L/cap/day). In contrast, pollutant concentrations on DdDs were higher than those on DdRs and fluctuated slightly in a day and among days in a week. Low concentrations of discharge in both dry season and rainy season showed that domestic wastewater in urban Hue was not strongly polluted in terms of organic matter and nutrients. Sewer water balance showed that only 29 % of total water inputted to the sewer system was discharged through the outlet on DdDs, while the remaining 71 % was likely exfiltrated to the ground from the sewer system, which will be a potential pollution source to soil and groundwater

Challenges And Opportunities For The Development Of Infrastructure After ‘Oda Graduation’ - Moving Towards Sustainable Development: Case Study Of Vietnam

The research on ODA will be focused on its relation to Goal 17, the Partnership, considered a major issue by the researchers, especially in the case of Vietnam as a developing economy. ODA was mainly used for investing in economic infrastructure when Vietnam witnessed a downfall in receiving financial aid due to its significant economic growth. ODA helped Vietnam transform from one of the world’s poorest nations into a lower middle-income country and soon, this is going to lead to the ‘ODA Graduation’. However, the process has just begun. The country is still in a process of industrialization and modernization and its socio-economic situation has not been stable or solid. By all means, ODA is not only a financial resource, it also helps the country to accomplish Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the UN. ‘ODA Graduation’ means that the economy of Vietnam has faced certain challenges such as increasing pressure of outbound debts; raising impact on social development or imbalance between high capital recovery investments and public-services investments. However, ‘ODA Graduation’ has brought certain opportunities such as increasing Vietnam’s independence in capital mobilization, preventing the removal of tariffs barrier, reducing losses and waste of funds. This research gives recommendations for improving Vietnam’s economic situation and can help overcome the difficulties in the period of ‘ODA Graduation’

Challenges And Opportunities For The Development Of Infrastructure After ‘Oda Graduation’ - Moving Towards Sustainable Development: Case Study Of Vietnam

The research on ODA will be focused on its relation to Goal 17, the Partnership, considered a major issue by the researchers, especially in the case of Vietnam as a developing economy. ODA was mainly used for investing in economic infrastructure when Vietnam witnessed a downfall in receiving financial aid due to its significant economic growth. ODA helped Vietnam transform from one of the world’s poorest nations into a lower middle-income country and soon, this is going to lead to the ‘ODA Graduation’. However, the process has just begun. The country is still in a process of industrialization and modernization and its socio-economic situation has not been stable or solid. By all means, ODA is not only a financial resource, it also helps the country to accomplish Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the UN. ‘ODA Graduation’ means that the economy of Vietnam has faced certain challenges such as increasing pressure of outbound debts; raising impact on social development or imbalance between high capital recovery investments and public-services investments. However, ‘ODA Graduation’ has brought certain opportunities such as increasing Vietnam’s independence in capital mobilization, preventing the removal of tariffs barrier, reducing losses and waste of funds. This research gives recommendations for improving Vietnam’s economic situation and can help overcome the difficulties in the period of ‘ODA Graduation’

Detection of a Sudan dye at low concentrations by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy using silver nanoparticles

Sudan dyes are red colorants banned from use for food due to their toxic properties. However, because of the cheapness, they are sometimes adulterated into food illegally. Currently surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is emerging as a good method to detect residues (including trace amounts) of Sudan dyes in food. In this report we present the SERS detection of Sudan I (a type of Sudan dyes) to concentrations as low as 1 ppb, using a very simple SERS substrate, which is made from silver nanoparticles chemically deposited on silicon surface

Species diversity of rotifers (Rotifera: Eurotatoria) of Phu Ninh Lake with five new records from Vietnam

A total of sixty-one taxa of rotifer, belonging to 15 families, 3 orders were identified from the Phu Ninh Lake, Vietnam. Of these, five species were recorded new to Vietnam Rotifera fauna, including Lecane acanthinula (Hauer, 1938), L. sola (Hauer, 1936), L. thailandensis Segers & Sanoamuang, 1994, L. pyriformis (Daday, 1905), and Mytilina bisulcata (Lucks, 1912). The result raised the total number of rotifers known from Vietnam to 227 species. Moreover, the results showed that the number of species recorded increased with the increase of sample size, which followed the equation y=12.85+14.12log(x) (R2 = 0.99). Based on the estimators, the α-diversity of rotifers in Phu Ninh Lake might be up to 67±4 taxa (according to the Bootstrap index), 71±8 taxa (according to the Chao index), or even up to 79 taxa (according to Jacknife 2 index)

GENERATION OF BACILLUS SUBTILIS CLONE DISPLAYING METAL-BINDING POLYHISTIDYL PEPTIDE

Joint Research on Environmental Science and Technology for the Eart

Level of Factors impact on the Buyers’ Intention in Buying Private Health Insurance with the Case of Vietnam Non-Life Insurance Companies

The study aims to determine the influence of factors affecting the intention to purchase private health insurance at non-life insurance companies in Vietnam. The samples were surveyed from 500 people from many areas but mostly in Hanoi. The study identified and clarified 5 independent factors affecting the intention to buy private health insurance at non-life health insurance companies in Vietnam. The analysis results show 5 variables: "Past experience", "Perception of service quality of insurance companies", "Perceived behavioral control", "Attitude towards risks and private health insurance ", and the variable "Subjective norms on private health insurance" affect people's intention to buy private health insurance. Several policies have been proposed to increase customers' intention to buy private health insurance at non-life insurance companies from the analysis. To raise customer's intention to purchase private health insurance, the research team recommends non-life insurance company to improve service quality, especially after-sales service, the quality and expertise of staff, and the government to complete policies and legal framework on private health insurance. Moreover, the research team also recommend to renovate the quality of organizing the private health insurance regime and form the basis of the entire population pathology record. Keywords: private health insurance, intention to purchase, non-life insurance company. DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-27-06 Publication date:September 30th 202

Lecane (Rotifera: Lecanidae) community in psammon habitat in Central Coast Vietnam: Diversity and relation to environmental condition

Characteristics of the Lecane (Rotifera) community in psammon in Central Coast Vietnam were investigated. A total of 50 taxa were identified in samples collected at hygropsammon zones of temporary pools, contributing 4 new species to rotifers' record of Vietnam. Psammonxenic species accounted for the largest percentage of Lecane community with 82%, followed by psammophiles (12%) and psammonbionts (6%). Influences of some environmental factors on the distribution of psammic lecanids were also observed. This group of organisms showed a slight tendency towards sand with grain sizes larger than 125 µm. Besides, other abiotic factors including pH, total phosphorus (TP) and total dissolved solids (TDS) were also found to significantly related to the distribution of some common Lecane species

Using learning games for fourth-grade students to teach Vietnamese lessons and teachers' perspectives on learning games

Students can learn   in   a   meaningful way through the use of educational games. When students apply their skills and information in order to progress through a game, a huge degree of engagement is generated among them in the classroom as a result both their capabilities and their learning   increase. 153 children from primary schools in Vietnam participated in this research. The children were split into two groups: an experimental and a control group. Both groups participated in two sessions of word and sentence practice as well as spelling instruction. According to the findings of the study, the educational outcomes of the students are greatly improved when games are used in their classrooms. In addition, research has shown that some teachers are against the use of games in the classroom since it makes it more difficult to prepare educational materials. Some educators believe that playing educational games is a more effective method of instruction as it allows for greater flexibility during the learning process. This makes a contribution to the theoretical framework that is necessary to guide educators and instructors in the process of improving learning game programs for children in primary schools and other learners

Evaluation Of Allelopathic Potential Of Cissus sicyoides Against the Growth Of Echinochloa Crus-Galli And Some Tested Plants

Many plant species in nature exert significant allelopathic potential as part of the defense mechanism system, many among their secondary metabolites (allelochemicals), including mineral constituents, which are responsible for the suppression of weeds and enhancing crop yield when directly incorporated into paddy fields. Cissus sicyoides is considered a high-potential allelopathic plant because of its invasion in nature and detected allelochemicals from the plant parts in some studies. The objective of this research was to exploit the allelopathic properties of C.sicyoides against paddy weeds and some indicator plants under laboratory bioassays and greenhouse conditions. The results demonstrated that C. sicyoides had significant inhibition on E. crus-galli, tested plants, and other paddy weeds. In the laboratory conditions, the extracts from C.sicyoides leaves inhibited the growth of Echinochloa crus-galli by 54.3%. The powders from C.sicyoides leaves inhibited the emergence of paddy weeds by approximately 100.0%. In the greenhouse conditions, the powders from C.sicyoides leaves by adding after 3 and 13 days inhibited the growth of E. crus-galli and the emergence of paddy weeds by 64.4%. Remarkably, negligible harmful effects on rice growth were observed. The findings of the study may provide useful information for the exploitation of this plant species to effectively control weeds in the rice fields for sustainable agriculture production