7,622 research outputs found
Investigating sudden unexpected deaths in infancy and childhood and caring for bereaved families : an integrated multiagency approach
The sudden unexpected death of an infant or child is
one of the worst events to happen to any family.
Bereaved parents expect and should receive appropriate,
thorough, and sensitive investigations to identify the
medical causes of such deaths. As a result, several parallel
needs must be fulfilled. Firstly, the needs of the family
must be recognisedâincluding the need for information
and support. Further, there is the need to identify any
underlying medical causes of death that may have
genetic or public health implications; the need for a
thorough forensic investigation to exclude unnatural
causes of death; and the need to protect siblings and
subsequent children. Alongside this, families need to
be protected from false or inappropriate accusations.
Limitations in the present coronial system have led to
delays or failures to detect deaths caused by relatives,
carers, or health professionals. Several recent,
highly publicised trials have highlighted the possibilities
of parents facing such accusations. As a result of this the
whole process of death certification has come under
intense scrutiny.
We review the medical, forensic, and sociological
literature on the optimal investigation and care of
families after the sudden death of a child. We describe
the implementation in the former county of Avon of a
structured multiagency approach and the potential
benefits for families and professionals
Gap Probabilities for Edge Intervals in Finite Gaussian and Jacobi Unitary Matrix Ensembles
The probabilities for gaps in the eigenvalue spectrum of the finite dimension
random matrix Hermite and Jacobi unitary ensembles on some
single and disconnected double intervals are found. These are cases where a
reflection symmetry exists and the probability factors into two other related
probabilities, defined on single intervals. Our investigation uses the system
of partial differential equations arising from the Fredholm determinant
expression for the gap probability and the differential-recurrence equations
satisfied by Hermite and Jacobi orthogonal polynomials. In our study we find
second and third order nonlinear ordinary differential equations defining the
probabilities in the general case. For N=1 and N=2 the probabilities and
thus the solution of the equations are given explicitly. An asymptotic
expansion for large gap size is obtained from the equation in the Hermite case,
and also studied is the scaling at the edge of the Hermite spectrum as , and the Jacobi to Hermite limit; these last two studies make
correspondence to other cases reported here or known previously. Moreover, the
differential equation arising in the Hermite ensemble is solved in terms of an
explicit rational function of a {Painlev\'e-V} transcendent and its derivative,
and an analogous solution is provided in the two Jacobi cases but this time
involving a {Painlev\'e-VI} transcendent.Comment: 32 pages, Latex2
The largest eigenvalue of rank one deformation of large Wigner matrices
The purpose of this paper is to establish universality of the fluctuations of
the largest eigenvalue of some non necessarily Gaussian complex Deformed Wigner
Ensembles. The real model is also considered. Our approach is close to the one
used by A. Soshnikov in the investigations of classical real or complex Wigner
Ensembles. It is based on the computation of moments of traces of high powers
of the random matrices under consideration
{\bf -Function Evaluation of Gap Probabilities in Orthogonal and Symplectic Matrix Ensembles}
It has recently been emphasized that all known exact evaluations of gap
probabilities for classical unitary matrix ensembles are in fact
-functions for certain Painlev\'e systems. We show that all exact
evaluations of gap probabilities for classical orthogonal matrix ensembles,
either known or derivable from the existing literature, are likewise
-functions for certain Painlev\'e systems. In the case of symplectic
matrix ensembles all exact evaluations, either known or derivable from the
existing literature, are identified as the mean of two -functions, both
of which correspond to Hamiltonians satisfying the same differential equation,
differing only in the boundary condition. Furthermore the product of these two
-functions gives the gap probability in the corresponding unitary
symmetry case, while one of those -functions is the gap probability in
the corresponding orthogonal symmetry case.Comment: AMS-Late
Random walks and random fixed-point free involutions
A bijection is given between fixed point free involutions of
with maximum decreasing subsequence size and two classes of vicious
(non-intersecting) random walker configurations confined to the half line
lattice points . In one class of walker configurations the maximum
displacement of the right most walker is . Because the scaled distribution
of the maximum decreasing subsequence size is known to be in the soft edge GOE
(random real symmetric matrices) universality class, the same holds true for
the scaled distribution of the maximum displacement of the right most walker.Comment: 10 page
Structural Relationship between Negative Thermal Expansion and Quartic Anharmonicity of Cubic ScF_3
Cubic scandium trifluoride (ScF_3) has a large negative thermal expansion over a wide range of temperatures. Inelastic neutron scattering experiments were performed to study the temperature dependence of the lattice dynamics of ScF3 from 7 to 750 K. The measured phonon densities of states show a large anharmonic contribution with a thermal stiffening of modes around 25 meV. Phonon calculations with first-principles methods identified the individual modes in the densities of states, and frozen phonon calculations showed that some of the modes with motions of F atoms transverse to their bond direction behave as quantum quartic oscillators. The quartic potential originates from harmonic interatomic forces in the DO_9 structure of ScF_3, and accounts for phonon stiffening with the temperature and a significant part of the negative thermal expansion
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