Soil Compaction in Cropland Pastures Used for Winter Grazing

In the northern United States, forage availability on cool season pastures declines rapidly late in the growing season (Moser & Hoveland 1996). To supplement low forage availability in the fall and winter, producers can graze livestock on cropland pastures containing annual cover crops and crop residues. Managed properly, cropland pastures can provide livestock with abundant, high quality forage that lasts long into winter. A potential issue with cropland pastures is that presence of cattle on moist, non sod-bearing soils could lead to severe soil compaction. The objective of this particular study was to determine how winter grazing on cropland pastures would effect soil compaction and subsequent crop yield

Formulas for ASEP with Two-Sided Bernoulli Initial Condition

For the asymmetric simple exclusion process on the integer lattice with two-sided Bernoulli initial condition, we derive exact formulas for the following quantities: (1) the probability that site x is occupied at time t; (2) a correlation function, the probability that site 0 is occupied at time 0 and site x is occupied at time t; (3) the distribution function for the total flux across 0 at time t and its exponential generating function.Comment: 18 page

Asymptotic Level Spacing of the Laguerre Ensemble: A Coulomb Fluid Approach

We determine the asymptotic level spacing distribution for the Laguerre Ensemble in a single scaled interval, $(0,s)$, containing no levels, E_{\bt}(0,s), via Dyson's Coulomb Fluid approach. For the $\alpha=0$ Unitary-Laguerre Ensemble, we recover the exact spacing distribution found by both Edelman and Forrester, while for $\alpha\neq 0$, the leading terms of $E_{2}(0,s)$, found by Tracy and Widom, are reproduced without the use of the Bessel kernel and the associated Painlev\'e transcendent. In the same approximation, the next leading term, due to a ``finite temperature'' perturbation (\bt\neq 2), is found.Comment: 10pp, LaTe

The Variable Stars and Blue Horizontal Branch of the Metal-Rich Globular Cluster NGC 6441

We present time-series VI photometry of the metal-rich ([Fe/H] = -0.53) globular cluster NGC 6441. Our color-magnitude diagram shows that the extended blue horizontal branch seen in Hubble Space Telescope data exists in the outermost reaches of the cluster. The red clump slopes nearly parallel to the reddening vector. A component of this slope is due to differential reddening, but part is intrinsic. The blue horizontal branch stars are more centrally concentrated than the red clump stars. We have discovered about 50 new variable stars near NGC 6441, among them eight or more RR Lyrae stars which are very probably cluster members. Comprehensive period searches over the range 0.2-1.0 days yielded unusually long periods (0.5-0.9 days) for the fundamental pulsators compared with field RR Lyrae of the same metallicity. Three similar long-period RR Lyrae are known in other metal-rich globulars. With over ten examples in hand, it seems that a distinct sub-class of RR Lyrae is emerging. The observed properties of the horizontal branch stars are in reasonable agreement with recent models which invoke deep mixing to enhance the atmospheric helium abundance, while they conflict with models which assume high initial helium abundance. The light curves of the c-type RR Lyrae seem to have unusually long rise times and sharp minima. Reproducing these light curves in stellar pulsation models may provide another means of constraining the physical variables responsible for the anomalous blue horizontal branch extension and sloped red clump observed in NGC 6441.Comment: 30 pages plus 6 EPS and 6 JPEG figures; uses AAS TeX. Accepted by the Astronomical Journal. Minor changes include computing He abundance, modifications to Figs 1 and 8, and expansion on idea that blue HB stars may be produced in binarie

Results from the Palo Verde neutrino oscillation experiment

The ν̅e flux and spectrum have been measured at a distance of about 800 m from the reactors of the Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station using a segmented Gd-loaded liquid scintillator detector. Correlated positron-neutron events from the reaction ν̅ep→e+n were recorded for a period of 200 d including 55 d with one of the three reactors off for refueling. Backgrounds were accounted for by making use of the reactor-on and reactor-off cycles, and also with a novel technique based on the difference between signal and background under reversal of the e+ and n portions of the events. A detailed description of the detector calibration, background subtraction, and data analysis is presented here. Results from the experiment show no evidence for neutrino oscillations. ν̅e→ν̅x oscillations were excluded at 90% C.L. for Δm2>1.12×10-3 eV2 for full mixing and sin22θ>0.21 for large Δm2. These results support the conclusion that the observed atmospheric neutrino oscillations do not involve νe

The complex Sine-Gordon equation as a symmetry flow of the AKNS Hierarchy

It is shown how the complex sine-Gordon equation arises as a symmetry flow of the AKNS hierarchy. The AKNS hierarchy is extended by the ``negative'' symmetry flows forming the Borel loop algebra. The complex sine-Gordon and the vector Nonlinear Schrodinger equations appear as lowest negative and second positive flows within the extended hierarchy. This is fully analogous to the well-known connection between the sine-Gordon and mKdV equations within the extended mKdV hierarchy. A general formalism for a Toda-like symmetry occupying the ``negative'' sector of sl(N) constrained KP hierarchy and giving rise to the negative Borel sl(N) loop algebra is indicated.Comment: 8 pages, LaTeX, typos corrected, references update

Airy processes and variational problems

We review the Airy processes; their formulation and how they are conjectured to govern the large time, large distance spatial fluctuations of one dimensional random growth models. We also describe formulas which express the probabilities that they lie below a given curve as Fredholm determinants of certain boundary value operators, and the several applications of these formulas to variational problems involving Airy processes that arise in physical problems, as well as to their local behaviour.Comment: Minor corrections. 41 pages, 4 figures. To appear as chapter in "PASI Proceedings: Topics in percolative and disordered systems

SAFETY PATROL: MECHANISMS FOR IMPROVING EMERGENCY RESPONSE TIMES

To equip first responders with critical, time-sensitive information and accelerate emergency services response times, various solutions are provided herein through several techniques. Under a first technique, after an emergency event such as a gunshot is either automatically detected by a camera or manually initiated by a user, or when a dangerous object such as a gun is detected by a camera, a network may react by associating the source of the dangerous event or object with a person based on proximity data; identifying the physical characteristics of the person (such as height, hair color, clothing, visible tattoos, etc.); attaching such characteristics as textual metadata; and then transmitting that metadata to first responders. A second technique automatically develops a radio frequency (RF) signature profile of a person of interest (from RF signals emitted by devices carried by the person), associates that profile to the person, and leverages that profile to track the person as they move throughout a building or campus, allowing a user to look back in time (to, for example, identify where a person came from and how they entered a building) by tracking the RF profile over time. The above-described data is extremely important during any ongoing emergency and equips first responders with critical information which only a network can provide