A multimodal cell census and atlas of the mammalian primary motor cortex

ABSTRACT We report the generation of a multimodal cell census and atlas of the mammalian primary motor cortex (MOp or M1) as the initial product of the BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network (BICCN). This was achieved by coordinated large-scale analyses of single-cell transcriptomes, chromatin accessibility, DNA methylomes, spatially resolved single-cell transcriptomes, morphological and electrophysiological properties, and cellular resolution input-output mapping, integrated through cross-modal computational analysis. Together, our results advance the collective knowledge and understanding of brain cell type organization: First, our study reveals a unified molecular genetic landscape of cortical cell types that congruently integrates their transcriptome, open chromatin and DNA methylation maps. Second, cross-species analysis achieves a unified taxonomy of transcriptomic types and their hierarchical organization that are conserved from mouse to marmoset and human. Third, cross-modal analysis provides compelling evidence for the epigenomic, transcriptomic, and gene regulatory basis of neuronal phenotypes such as their physiological and anatomical properties, demonstrating the biological validity and genomic underpinning of neuron types and subtypes. Fourth, in situ single-cell transcriptomics provides a spatially-resolved cell type atlas of the motor cortex. Fifth, integrated transcriptomic, epigenomic and anatomical analyses reveal the correspondence between neural circuits and transcriptomic cell types. We further present an extensive genetic toolset for targeting and fate mapping glutamatergic projection neuron types toward linking their developmental trajectory to their circuit function. Together, our results establish a unified and mechanistic framework of neuronal cell type organization that integrates multi-layered molecular genetic and spatial information with multi-faceted phenotypic properties

Tracing Breath

A Collective Assemblage of Notes, Quotes, Pictures, Sounds and Movement By Renata Gaspar, Erica Böhr, Stephanie Hanna, Alia Zapparova and Frauke Ebert. With windows wide open, air draft around us, a piano between us, we five sat in our different corners of the space, keeping distance, in order not to breathe each other’s breath. More than ever before, the continuous encounter and exchange of breath are palpable, accompanied by the endeavor to avoid as much as possible to breathe ..

5 Visualisation of Implicit Surfaces using

We present two algorithms for ray tracing implicit surfaces with contour lines rendered on the surfaces. The contours can be the intersections of the surface with planes parallel to the coordinate planes to aid its visualisation, or the intersections of the surface with the level surfaces of 3D scalar fields. Ray tracing allows contours to be drawn on a wide variety of surfaces that are not suitable for rendering using polygons, such as surfaces with infinite curvature. As an application we show the curvature properties for a number of implicit surfaces. The two main techniques for visualising implicit surfaces are polygonisation and ray tracing. Each technique has its advantages and disadvantages, and neither technique is better or worse than the other for all surfaces. For example, polygonisation may require large numbers of polygons, is not suitable for surfaces with large or infinite curvature (lik

On Average-case Complexity of Ray

A theoretical framework for analyzing average-case time and storage complexity of ray tracing acceleration techniques is introduced by means of homogeneous spatial Poisson point processes. Then, as a demonstrative example of its application, the expected query time of the widely known technique using a regular spatial grid is analyzed. Finally, an interpretation of this result is presented within the context of probability theory

Travaux.

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