Oxidative Stress and Dementia in Alzheimer’s Patients: Effects of Synbiotic Supplementation

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in elderly patients. Recently, several studies have shown that inflammation and oxidative stress precede the cardinal neuropathological manifestations of AD. In view of the proven antioxidant effects of probiotics, we proposed that continuous dietary supplementation with milk fermented with kefir grains might improve cognitive and metabolic and/or cellular disorders in the AD patients. Methods. This study was designed as an uncontrolled clinical investigation to test the effects of probiotic-fermented milk supplementation (2 mL/kg/daily) for 90 days in AD patients exhibiting cognitive deficit. Cognitive assessment, cytokine expression, systemic oxidative stress levels, and blood cell damage biomarkers were evaluated before (T0) and after (T90) kefir synbiotic supplementation. Results. When the patients were challenged to solve 8 classical tests, the majority exhibit a marked improvement in memory, visual-spatial/abstraction abilities, and executive/language functions. At the end of the treatment, the cytometric analysis showed an absolute/relative decrease in several cytokine markers of inflammation and oxidative stress markers (⋅ O2 – , H2O2, and ONOO− , ~30%) accompanied by an increase in NO bioavailability (100%). In agreement with the above findings by using the same technique, we observed in a similar magnitude an improvement of serum protein oxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage/repair, and apoptosis. Conclusion. In conclusion, we demonstrated that kefir improves cognitive deficits, which seems to be linked with three important factors of the AD—systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and blood cell damage—and may be a promising adjuvant therapy against the AD progression.This study was supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and the State Agency for the Development of Science and Technology (FAPES) through the Edital 24/2018 -PRONEx #84321148, TO 569/2018S

The respiratory physiotherapy causes pain in newborns? A systematic review

Introduction: Neonatal respiratory physicaltherapy plays an important role in prevention and treatment of respiratory pathologies. In preterm neonates, immaturity of respiratory system can let development of variousrespiratory diseases. Meanwhile, it is discussed if respiratory physiotherapy can cause pain. Objective: Investigate presence of pain in neonates undergone to respiratory physiotherapy by a systematic review. Methods: Scientific search in electronic databases: Medline, Lilacs, Bireme, PEDro, Pubmed, Scielo and Capes thesis and dissertations base. Portuguese, English and Spanish, publication year from 2000 to 2012. Results: Thriteen studies were included, but one of them was excluded due to fulltext unavaiable. Therefore, twelve articles were included, nine (81,8%) confirm pain in newborn (NB), from these, in eight (72,7%) intervention was suction and in only one vibrocompression. Four articles studied term and premature newborns. Mechanical ventilatory assistance was used in seven of the studies analyzed. Conclusion: Results: suggest that suction and vibrocompression were pain causers in NB. However, evidenced the necessity of well delineated methods to evaluate if physicaltherapy techniques can cause pain in neonates

The respiratory physiotherapy causes pain in newborns? A systematic review

Abstract Introduction: Neonatal respiratory physicaltherapy plays an important role in prevention and treatment of respiratory pathologies. In preterm neonates, immaturity of respiratory system can let development of various respiratory diseases. Meanwhile, it is discussed if respiratory physiotherapy can cause pain. Objective: Investigate presence of pain in neonates undergone to respiratory physiotherapy by a systematic review. Methods: Scientific search in electronic databases: Medline, Lilacs, Bireme, PEDro, Pubmed, Scielo and Capes thesis and dissertations base. Portuguese, English and Spanish, publication year from 2000 to 2012. Results: Thriteen studies were included, but one of them was excluded due to fulltext unavaiable. Therefore, twelve articles were included, nine (81,8%) confirm pain in newborn (NB), from these, in eight (72,7%) intervention was suction and in only one vibrocompression. Four articles studied term and premature newborns. Mechanical ventilatory assistance was used in seven of the studies analyzed. Conclusion: Results suggest that suction and vibrocompression were pain causers in NB. However, evidenced the necessity of well delineated methods to evaluate if physicaltherapy techniques can cause pain in neonates

Lower-limb endurance training program influences thoracoabdominal motion of patients with COPD?

Introduction: Thoracoabdominal-TA asynchrony is an important sign of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Studies investigating the influence of endurance training on TA asynchrony have not been found. Objective: To analyze lower-limb endurance training effects on TA asynchrony in patients with COPD. Materials and methods: Two patients with severe COPD were evaluated in a single-subject design AB (A-baseline for six weeks, B-training on cycle ergometer with intensity of 70% of baseline peak load, for 12 weeks) with repeated measures of variables: phase inspiratory relation (PhRIB), phase expiratory relation (PhREB) and phase angle (PhAng). These variables were assessed by respiratory inductive plethysmography during incremental exercise tests on a cycle ergometer (same load and peak load of each test). Statistical methods included visual analysis, two-standard deviation band test and split middle line test, considering significant p elt; 0.05. It was considered the results for variables with agreement of at least two analyses. Data are presented as mean ± SD for phases A and B. Results: During phase B, Patient 1 presented significant decrease of PhRIB (22.7 ± 3.4 x 17.0 ± 4.9) and PhAng (16.5 ± 5.1 x 13.2 ± 2.1) for same loadand PhREB (16.8 ± 3.1 x 13.3 ± 3.1) and PhAng (23.4 ± 1.7 x 20.1 ± 2.3) at peak load. Patient 2 showed significant decrease of PhRIB for same load and (14.4 ± 3.8 x 13.9 ± 3.9) at peak load (19.1 ± 2.5 x 15.7 ± 2.7). Conclusions: These results suggest that lower-limb endurance training reduced TA asynchrony in patients with severe COPD. The findings may be related, according to the literature, to the lower ventilatory demand and greater exercise capacity of patients with COPD undergoing endurance training

Lower-limb endurance training program influences thoracoabdominal motion of patients with COPD?

INTRODUCTION: Thoracoabdominal-TA asynchrony is an important sign of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Studies investigating the influence of endurance training on TA asynchrony have not been found. OBJECTIVE: To analyze lower-limb endurance training effects on TA asynchrony in patients with COPD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two patients with severe COPD were evaluated in a single-subject design AB (A-baseline for six weeks, B-training on cycle ergometer with intensity of 70% of baseline peak load, for 12 weeks) with repeated measures of variables: phase inspiratory relation (PhRIB), phase expiratory relation (PhREB) and phase angle (PhAng). These variables were assessed by respiratory inductive plethysmography during incremental exercise tests on a cycle ergometer (same load and peak load of each test). Statistical methods included visual analysis, two-standard deviation band test and split middle line test, considering significant p < 0.05. It was considered the results for variables with agreement of at least two analyses. Data are presented as mean ± SD for phases A and B. RESULTS: During phase B, Patient 1 presented significant decrease of PhRIB (22.7 ± 3.4 x 17.0 ± 4.9) and PhAng (16.5 ± 5.1 x 13.2 ± 2.1) for same load and PhREB (16.8 ± 3.1 x 13.3 ± 3.1) and PhAng (23.4 ± 1.7 x 20.1 ± 2.3) at peak load. Patient 2 showed significant decrease of PhRIB for same load and (14.4 ± 3.8 x 13.9 ± 3.9) at peak load (19.1 ± 2.5 x 15.7 ± 2.7). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that lower-limb endurance training reduced TA asynchrony in patients with severe COPD. The findings may be related, according to the literature, to the lower ventilatory demand and greater exercise capacity of patients with COPD undergoing endurance training