Environmental Sources of Prion Transmission in Mule Deer

Whether transmission of the chronic wasting disease (CWD) prion among cervids requires direct interaction with infected animals has been unclear. We report that CWD can be transmitted to susceptible animals indirectly, from environments contaminated by excreta or decomposed carcasses. Under experimental conditions, mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) became infected in two of three paddocks containing naturally infected deer, in two of three paddocks where infected deer carcasses had decomposed in situ ≈1.8 years earlier, and in one of three paddocks where infected deer had last resided 2.2 years earlier. Indirect transmission and environmental persistence of infectious prions will complicate efforts to control CWD and perhaps other animal prion diseases

Measures of organizational characteristics associated with adoption and/or implementation of innovations: A systematic review

Abstract Background This paper identifies and describes measures of constructs relevant to the adoption or implementation of innovations (i.e., new policies, programs or practices) at the organizational-level. This work is intended to advance the field of dissemination and implementation research by aiding scientists in the identification of existing measures and highlighting methodological issues that require additional attention. Methods We searched for published studies (1973–2013) in 11 bibliographic databases for quantitative, empirical studies that presented outcome data related to adoption and/or implementation of an innovation. Included studies had to assess latent constructs related to the “inner setting” of the organization, as defined by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Results Of the 76 studies included, most (86%) were cross sectional and nearly half (49%) were conducted in health care settings. Nearly half (46%) involved implementation of evidence-based or “best practice” strategies; roughly a quarter (26%) examined use of new technologies. Primary outcomes most often assessed were innovation implementation (57%) and adoption (34%); while 4% of included studies assessed both outcomes. There was wide variability in conceptual and operational definitions of organizational constructs. The two most frequently assessed constructs included “organizational climate” and “readiness for implementation.” More than half (55%) of the studies did not articulate an organizational theory or conceptual framework guiding the inquiry; about a third (34%) referenced Diffusion of Innovations theory. Overall, only 46% of articles reported psychometric properties of measures assessing latent organizational characteristics. Of these, 94% (33/35) described reliability and 71% (25/35) reported on validity. Conclusions The lack of clarity associated with construct definitions, inconsistent use of theory, absence of standardized reporting criteria for implementation research, and the fact that few measures have demonstrated reliability or validity were among the limitations highlighted in our review. Given these findings, we recommend that increased attention be devoted toward the development or refinement of measures using common psychometric standards. In addition, there is a need for measure development and testing across diverse settings, among diverse population samples, and for a variety of types of innovations

Eisenhart, Margaret, and Lisa Towne, Contestation and Change in National Policy on \u27Scientifically Bases\u27 Education Research, Educational Researcher, 32(October, 2003), 31-38.

Traces the definitions of educational research that appear in varied federal education legislation passed in 2000 through 2003 and notes the uses intended for each and the effect of outside testimony in shifting the language that eventually appeared in these laws

This Is A Black Spatial Imaginary

This is a Black Spatial Imaginary is, in part, a project based on research and inquiry over the past several years into the history and current status of Black neighborhoods and repeating instances of displacement. The work brings into dialogue several sources— official planning documents and records from the City archives, showing the rationales and actions of Portland policymakers; news accounts that depict the framing of the problems and possibilities for the Black community in Portland at different points in Portland’s history; materials from community-based organizations that have participated in political and policy debates; and our own work engaging Black community members, from youth to elders and from “the North to the Numbers,” in several artistic and urban planning processes. For the most part, official planning documents represent a white spatial imaginary— a term used by scholar George Lipsitz to describe the application of urban planning and development regulations and public investments to support a landscape of exclusion, segregation, and the accumulation of property value for private interests. This Is A Black Spatial Imaginary considers the movement and fixity of Black communities, by activating past, present and future spaces for Black life. Moving from NW to NE Portland (as Black Portlanders did), the work starts near Union Station at PNCA’s Center for Contemporary Art and Culture, crosses the Broadway Bridge, activates key sites, and ends on the eastside at PCC’s Paragon Gallery, with over 40 of Black artists and scholars coming together to showcase work and share ideas. In shifting through historical and contemporary Black geographies, the work provides clues to understanding how Black possibilities live and breathe. The project grounds itself in collaborative work that span local and global Black geographic imaginaries, bringing both analytics and poetics to fields of practice. Activation I: Memorial Coliseum Lisa Bates, Sika Stanton, Sharita Towne Please visit the following links for more information and to see the complete exhibition:- https://sharitatowne.com/This-is-a-Black-Spatial-Imaginary- https://works.bepress.com/lisa_bates/31/Past Screening:- July 11th, 2020 - “been here” - a collaboration between The Mobile Projection Unit and ariella tai.- August 10th, 2017 - Converge 45 - Sharita Towne performance, This is a Black Spatial Imaginary, on the East Side of Broadway Bridge.Producers - Lisa Bates & Sharita TowneCamera & Editor - Sika Stanto

Feuer, Michael J., Lisa Towne, and Richard J. Shavelson, Scientific Culture and Educational Research, Educational Researcher, 31(November, 2002), 4-14.

Conveys substantive elements of the National Research Council\u27s report, Scientific Research in Education (2002), addresses issues to the educational research community that the report highlights, and notes the narrow view of research embedded in recent federal education legislation; several commentaries follow

Insulin-Like Growth Factor-II Bound to Vitronectin Enhances MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Migration

We have previously reported that IGF-II binds the extracellular matrix protein vitronectin (VN) with an affinity similar to that for the type-1 IGF receptor (IGF-1R). In view of this finding, and given the cited role of VN in cell motility and adhesion, we aimed to elucidate the functional consequences of this interaction on cellular processes relevant to breast carcinoma. We demonstrate that this complex slightly inhibits cell attachment and has little effect on protein synthesis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. However, prebinding IGF-II to immobilized VN was found to significantly enhance breast cancer cell migration through Transwells. Interestingly, IGF-II bound to VN, and not IGF-II in solution in the presence of VN, seems to be responsible for the effects on cell migration. Furthermore, studies using analogs of IGF-II with reduced affinity for the IGF-1R or IGF binding proteins indicate that this response involves the IGF-1R but is independent of IGF binding proteins. This is the first study demonstrating that IGF-II:VN complexes enhance migration of cells. This may prove to be especially relevant, given that overexpression of IGF-II and VN are features of many tumors

Race and Spatial Imaginary: Planning Otherwise

Introduction: What Shakes Loose When We Imagine Otherwise/She Made the Vision True: A Journey Toward Recognition and Belonging/Isha Black or Isha White? Racial Identity and Spatial Development in Warren County, NC/Colonial City Design Lives Here: Questioning Planning Education’s Dominant Imaginaries/Say Its Name – Planning Is the White Spatial Imaginary, or Reading McKittrick and Woods as Planning Text/Wakanda! Take the Wheel! Visions of a Black Green City/If I Built the World, Imagine That: Reflecting on World Building Practices in Black Los Angeles/Is Honolulu a Hawaiian Place? Decolonizing Cities and the Redefinition of Spatial Legitimacy/Interpretations & Imaginaries: Toward an Instrumental Black Planning Histor

Regulation of T cell receptor complex-mediated signaling by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like modifications

Includes bibliographic references.Post-translational protein modifications are a dynamic method of regulating protein function in response to environmental signals. As with any cellular process, T cell receptor (TCR) complex-mediated signaling is highly regulated, since the strength and duration of TCR-generated signals governs T cell development and activation. While regulation of TCR complex-mediated signaling by phosphorylation has been well studied, regulation by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like modifiers is still an emerging area of investigation. This review will examine how ubiquitin, E3 ubiquitin ligases, and other ubiquitin-like modifications such as SUMO and NEDD8 regulate TCR complex-mediated signaling