The acute effect of maximal exercise on plasma beta-endorphin levels in fibromyalgia patients

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of strenuous exercise on β-endorphine (β-END) level in fibromyalgia (FM) patients compared to healthy subjects. Methods: We enrolled 30 FM patients and 15 healthy individuals. All study participants underwent a treadmill exercise test using modified Bruce protocol (M.Bruce). The goal of the test was achieving at least 70 of the predicted maximal heart rate (HRMax). The serum levels of β-END were measured before and after the exercise program. Measurements were done while heart rate was at least 70 of its predicted maximum. Results: The mean � the standard deviation (SD) of exercise duration in the FM and control groups were 24.26 � 5.29 and 29.06 � 3.26 minutes, respectively, indicating a shorter time to achieve the goal heart rate in FM patients (P < 0.003). Most FM patients attained 70 HRMax at lower stages (stage 2 and 3) of M.Bruce compared to the control group (70 versus 6.6, respectively; P < 0.0001). Compared to healthy subjects, FM patients had lower serum β-END levels both in baseline and post-exercise status (Mean � SD: 122.07 � 28.56 μg/ml and 246.55 � 29.57 μg/ml in the control group versus 90.12 � 20.91 μg/ml and 179.80 � 28.57 μg/ml in FM patients, respectively; P < 0.001). Conclusions: We found that FM patients had lower levels of β-END in both basal and post-exercise status. Exercise increased serum the β-END level in both groups but the average increase in β-END in FM patients was significantly lower than in the control group. � The Korean Pain Society, 2016

Assessment of the rapid shallow breathing index as a predictor of weaning of patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation

Background: About 8 of patients experience prolonged mechanical ventilation after cardiac surgery. Development of criteria for successful liberation of a patient from mechanical ventilation and extubation may be highly dependent on the clinical situation. Different criteria were used for ventilator weaning. We designed a clinical trial to determine the usefulness of rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI) as a predictor for successful weaning from mechanical ventilation. Materials and Methods: In a prospective observational study, 52 patients who had prolonged mechanical ventilation (> 72 h) after open cardiac surgery were studied. Patients had 60 - min spontaneous breathing trials and satisfied at least 5 weaning predictors and fulfilled the criteria for discontinuing mechanical ventilation. Traditional weaning criteria and RSBI were determined. According to the outcome assessment of weaning, patients were divided into failure or success groups. Results: The mean RSBI values were significantly different between the failure (103.5±21.9 breath/min/L) and success groups (80.4±15.3 breath/min/L, p=0.0001). There was no significant difference regarding the values of other prediction criteria between the two groups. Using RSBI <105 (breath/min/L) as the threshold value for predicting successful weaning, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and diagnostic accuracy were 92.5, 70, 92.5, 70 and 88 respectively. Conclusion: Although a small number of patients require prolonged ventilatory support after open cardiothoracic surgeries, growing experience in critical care settings and mechanical ventilation cause favorable outcomes. Ventilator weaning is more likely to be successful if RSBI is less than 105 (breath/min/L). This index is a more valuable and accurate predictor of weaning than other weaning predictors. © 2007 NRITLD, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Iran

The role of different genes in causing infection of ectodermal dysplasia patients: A systematic review

Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is a genetic disorder which is characterized by deficient tissues from ectoderm and mesoderm. In this systematic review, two researchers searched keywords such as Ectodermal Dysplasia and Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia (HED) in Medline (PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched until June 2020. In the first search 885 articles were found. After including and excluding criteria, included articles were reduced to 53 in Scopus, 11 in Web of Science, and 11 in PubMed. The point is that out of 75 selected studies, 52 articles were identified the cause of infection in ectodermal dysplasia as mutations in the NEMO gene and its subsets. © 2022 Health Biotechnology And Biopharma. All Rights Reserved