Ecologie et analyse économique

[fre] L'intégration de l'environnement naturel dans le calcul économique n'a jamais été réalisé de manière satisfaisante, que l'on ait fait appel à la volonté de payer, à l'évaluation des dépenses associées, à l'évaluation des dépenses compensatoires, — ou même à l'estimation en termes énergétiques, convertie ensuite en termes monétaires (Odum). L'analyse multi-critères, par le choix des critères et leur pondération, n'offre pas de protection plus sûre contre l'arbitraire. . Seule une analyse fonctionnelle économique-écologique peut donner aux critères écologiques crédibilité et efficacité, et permettre de fixer les contraintes de reproduction naturelles à l'intérieur desquelles doit s'opérer le choix économique. [eng] Ecology and economic analysis - The integration of the natural environment in economic calculations has never been carried out in a satisfactory manner whether the desire to pay has been appealed to, or the estimation of associated costs, or the estimation of compensatory expenses, or even to the estimation in terms of energy then converted into monetary terms (Odum). The analysis according to several criteria since it involves choosing criteria and estimating their relative importance, is a no more certain method of avoiding an arbitrary result. . Only an economical-ecological functional analysis can give ecological criteria credibility and efficiency and can enable the n atural reproduction constraints within which the economic choice must be made to be fixed.

European regional railways and real income, 1870–1910: a preliminary report

This article introduces our project on the relationship between railways and real income levels across European regions between 1870 and 1910. While similar relationships have been analysed for the USA, India and individual European countries, our project is the first to take a pan-European regional perspective. We discuss the reasons for the neglect to date, highlighting the need to drill deeper into the changing directional effects of railways on income, the importance or necessity of using regional-level data and the amount of research that still needs to be done. To this end, we present preliminary insights from our novel database on European regional per capita income and railway mileage, after discussing our data sources in depth. We also outline our research agenda, showing our intended conceptual and analytical approach for future work

Especes ligneuses et herbacees dans les ecosystemes patures saheliens de Haute-Volta. Synthese des resultats du programme

SIGLECNRS-CDST / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

La croissance economique regionale francaise depuis 1840

CNRS AR 11043 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueSIGLEFRFranc

Thermal analysis of droplet flow: Numerical, analytical and experimental investigations

This article reports the thermal behavior analysis of droplet flow for a scenario in which the hydrodynamic and thermal effects are coupled in a cylindrical miniaturized channel; this analysis was performed by comparing numerical, analytical and experimental results. The 3D numerical modeling of the droplet flow was performed using THETIS, a multi-fluid Navier–Stokes solver. A 1D analytical model in Lagrangian space based on a thin-fin thermal approximation was developed. Infrared thermography measurements of droplet flows were used to experimentally determine the temperature fields inside droplets, and these results were compared with those obtained from the simulations and the analytical approach. The originality of this work is the choice of a particular thermal scene to mimic a chemical situation in order to improve understanding and to illustrate the predominant exchanges by model simplification. Furthermore, the results of this study are important for understanding the heat transfer occurring inside droplets for lab-on-chip applications

Long-term follow-up of children with risk organ-negative Langerhans cell histiocytosis after 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine treatment

International audienceThe nucleoside analogue, 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2CDA), was reported to be an active treatment for childhood Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) without risk organ (RO−) involvement. However, we lack data on long-term effects of 2CDA treatment, including the disease reactivation rate, permanent sequelae and long-term tolerance. This study included 44 children from the French LCH registry, treated for a RO− LCH with 2CDA monotherapy (median number of six courses). The median age at the beginning of 2CDA was 3·6 years (range, 0·3–19·7 years) and the median follow-up after was 5·4 years (range, 0·6–15·1 years). Objective response to 2CDA was observed in 25 patients (56·8%), while six patients (13·6%) had stable disease and 13 patients (29·5%) exhibited progressive disease. Among patients without progression, only two experienced disease reactivation after 2CDA discontinuation. The five-year cumulative incidence of disease progression or reactivation after 2CDA therapy initiation was 34·3%. The lymphopenia reported in all cases [72% below absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) of 0·5 G/l], was addressed with appropriate prophylactic measures. Other toxicities above grade 2 were uncommon, and no second malignant neoplasm or neuropathy was reported. The five-year overall survival was 97·7%. In conclusion, we could confirm that 2CDA monotherapy was a beneficial long-term therapy for treating patients with RO− LCH. Appropriate management of induced immune deficiency is mandatory