Bioconversion of palm kernel meal for aquaculture: Experiences from the forest region (Republic of Guinea)

Proteins and fats locked in palm kernel meal cannot be used directly by fishes. Enzyme from maggots (Hermetia illucens larvae) lyses and extracts those nutrients which are consumed as food. Biomasses of maggots produced can be used to feed fishes. This innovation opens a new hope for many African countries where so much agro-industry by-products exist such as palm kernel meal, groundnut meal, cotton seed meal. The different aspects involved in this discovery are explained before the sequence ofprocesses up to final discovery is described

Effets compares de la bouse de bovins sechee et de la sciure de bois sur la croissance et le rendement du mais (Zea mays L.)

La culture du maïs nécessite des sols fertiles, or ceux de Côte d’Ivoire sont soumis à une dégradation qui occasionne une baisse de rendements. L’utilisation des résidus organiques pour leur potentiel de restauration de la fertilité des sols suscite un intérêt croissant. Pour les valoriser, cette étude vise à déterminer et à comparer leurs effets sur la croissance et le rendement du maïs (Zea mays L). Le dispositif est un bloc de Fisher avec trois répétitions et un facteur à savoir le fertilisant avec trois combinaisons : bouse de bovins séchée, sciure de bois et la combinaison bouse/sciure, comparées à un témoin. Chaque fertilisant a été appliqué, par poquet de semis, à 100, 120 et 140 g pour 10 kg de sol. Les paramètres de  croissance ont été mesurés à des dates régulières et le rendement en find’essai. Comparés au témoin, la croissance et le rendement ont été  meilleurs avec la bouse de bovins séchée, notamment avec B3 (47 à 136 %). La sciure de bois, quant à elle, a induit des faibles valeurs des paramètres mesurés, surtout avec S1 (36 à 42 %). Leur combinaison a donné des valeurs similaires à celles du témoin. Ainsi, la bouse de bovins peut être recommandée comme fertilisant pour l’amélioration de la croissance et la production du maïs.Mots clés : fertilisant organique, bouse de bovins, sciure de bois, croissance, rendement, maïs.English Title: Comparative effects of dried cattle dung and sawdust on growth and yield in maize (Zea mays L.)Organic residues are increasingly being used for their potential to restore soil fertility, Organic residues are increasingly being used for their potential to restore soil fertility, which is attracting growing interest in the agricultural world. This study aims to determine and compare their effects on maize growth and yield (Zea mays L). The trial was a Fischer blocks design with three repetitions and three organic fertilizers: dried cattle dung, sawdust and dung / sawdust combination, compared to a control. Each fertilizer was applied, per seedling pocket, at 100, 120 and 140 g per 10 kg of soil. Heights, leaf area, diameters, biomass, ear weights, and grain counts of maize plant were measured. Compared with the control, better growth and increased maize yields (47 to 136%) were obtained with dried cattle dung,especially with the high dose B3 (140 g). Sawdust, meanwhile, induced low values of the measured parameters, especially with the lowest dose S1 (100 g). The combination dung / sawdust gave values similar to those of the control. Thus, cattle dung, with an increase in agricultural performance, can be recommended as a fertilizer for improved vegetative growth and maize production.Key words : organic fertilizer, cattle dung, sawdust, growth, yield, maize

Economy empowerment of Liberian immigrants through basic life skills : Concord, New Hampshire

As stated in the thesis project, "The core problem targeted in this project is "Lack of Income Generation", which is creating mass poverty in the refugee community as well as in the immigrant community in New Hampshire. This project has already identified the causes and effects of the core problem in the form of a problem tree. Again, these causes and sub-causes includes: limited education, language barriers, lack of communication, public transportations, isolation, moves to another state for better opportunities, recession, hiring freezes, cultural shock, discrimination and barriers to employment. Due to these causes, the Liberian and the entire immigrant community could be affected by not having jobs, money, or health benefits leadings to poor living standards as well depression and dependency on the federal government for support. In order to overcome these issues, the community needs to seek help from local government and other organizations to establish programs such as after-school programs for children and microfinance for those interested in opening businesses as well as basic English and technology classes to expand the capability of the Liberian as well as entire immigrant community." (Library-derived description)Toure, F. S.. (2011). Economy empowerment of Liberian immigrants through basic life skills : Concord New Hampshire. Retrieved from http://academicarchive.snhu.eduMaster of Science (M.S.)School of Community Economic Developmen

Metabolic Comparison of One-Anastomosis Gastric Bypass, Single-Anastomosis Duodenal-Switch, Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass, and Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy in Rat

Background One-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) and single-anastomosis duodenal switch (SADS) have become increasingly popular weight loss strategies. However, data directly comparing the effectiveness of these procedures with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and vertical sleeve gastrectomy (SG) are limited. Objectives To examine the metabolic outcomes of OAGB, SADS, RYGB, and SG in a controlled rodent model. Setting Academic research laboratory, United States. Methods Surgeries were performed in diet-induced obese Long-Evans rats, and metabolic outcomes were monitored before and for 15 weeks after surgery. Results All bariatric procedures induced weight loss compared with sham that lasted throughout the course of the study. The highest percent fat loss occurred after OAGB and RYGB. All bariatric procedures had improved glucose dynamics associated with an increase in insulin (notably OAGB and SADS) and/or glucagon-like protein-1 secretion. Circulating cholesterol was reduced in OAGB, SG, and RYGB. OAGB and SG additionally decreased circulating triglycerides. Liver triglycerides were most profoundly reduced after OAGB and RYGB. Circulating iron levels were decreased in all surgical groups, associated with a decreased hematocrit value and increased reticulocyte count. The fecal microbiome communities of OAGB, SADS, and RYGB were significantly altered; however, SG exhibited no change in microbiome diversity or composition. Conclusions These data support the use of the rat for modeling bariatric surgical procedures and highlight the ability of the OAGB to meet or exceed the metabolic improvements of RYGB. These data point to the likelihood that each surgery accomplishes metabolic improvements through both overlapping and distinct mechanisms and warrants further research

Hepatitis B testing and treatment in HIV patients in The Gambia - compliance with international guidelines and clinical outcomes

Background Compliance with WHO guidelines on HBV screening and treatment in HIV-coinfected patients is often challenging in resource limited countries and has been poorly assessed in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods Between 2015 and 2016, we assessed physician’s compliance with WHO guidelines on HIV-HBV coinfection in the largest HIV clinic in The Gambia, and the hepatic outcomes in HIV-HBV coinfected patients as compared to randomly selected HIV-monoinfected controls. Results 870 HIV-infected patients regularly seen in this clinic agreed to participate in our study. Only 187 (21.5%, 95% CI 18.8–24.3) had previously been screened for HBsAg, 23 (12.3%, 95% CI 8.0–17.9) were positive of whom none had liver assessment and only 6 (26.1%) had received Tenofovir. Our HBV testing intervention was accepted by all participants and found 94/870 (10.8%, 95% CI 8.8–13.1) positive, 78 of whom underwent full liver assessment along with 40 HBsAg-negative controls. At the time of liver assessment, 61/78 (78.2%) HIV-HBV coinfected patients received ART with 7 (11.5%) on Tenofovir and 54 (88.5%) on Lamivudine alone. HIV-HBV coinfected patients had higher APRI score compared to controls (0.58 vs 0.42, p = 0.002). HBV DNA was detectable in 52/53 (98.1%) coinfected patients with 14/53 (26.4%) having HBV DNA >20,000 IU/L. 10/12 (83.3%) had at least one detectable 3TC-associated HBV resistance, which tended to be associated with increase in liver fibrosis after adjusting for age and sex (p = 0.05). Conclusions Compliance with HBV testing and treatment guidelines is poor in this Gambian HIV programme putting coinfected patients at risk of liver complications. However, the excellent uptake of HBV screening and linkage to care in our study suggests feasible improvements

Effects of exposing adults of Amblyomma variegatum to neem cake extracts in traps baited with semiochemicals under semi–laboratory conditions

The efficacy of a trap baited with an attractant blend comprising of attraction aggregation- attachment pheromone (AAAP), 1-octen-3-ol and CO2 and treated with Neem (Azadirachta indica) cake extracts (0.6% of azadirachtin) to attract and expose the ticks, Amblyomma variegatum (Fabricius) (Acari: Ixodidae) to the active constituents of the cake was evaluated in circular field plots.. Ticks were released at various distances from trap placed at the center of the plots. Ticks that arrived at the trap (and exposed to the extracts) and those in control plots were collected and their mortality was monitored in the laboratory over a three-week period. All concentrations of the neem extracts caused mortality of A. variegatum adults with highest mortality rate (97.8%) recorded in the concentration of 30 % of extracts. The mortality of the ticks was also dependent upon the time ticks were exposed to the extracts. The findings suggest the possibility of using semiochemicals-baited traps in combination with neem extracts for off-host control of these ticks in smallholder farms.Key words: Amblyomma variegatum, traps, Azadirachta indica, semiochemical

Le lymphangiome cervico-facial congenital de l’enfant au chu de conakry : analyse de trois cas

Le lymphangiome kystique est une tumeur vasculaire, bénigne, rare, d’origine lymphatique. La forme principale est représentée par le lymphangiome cervico-facial congénital de l’enfant. Sa pathogenèse est inconnue. Cette malformation congénitale du système lymphatique est composée de formations kystiques développées à partir d’endothélium lymphatique et remplies de lymphe et de sang. L’atteinte des voies aérodigestives supérieures (VaDS) peut conduire à des complications graves, mettant en jeu le pronostic vital. nous présentons trois observations de lymphangiomes kystiques de diagnostic post natal. Le traitement était chirurgical dans tous les cas consistant en exérèse complète de la tumeur et le diagnostic confirmé par l’examen histopathologique de la pièce opératoire. après un recul d’au moins 12 mois, aucune récidive locale n’a été observée cependant la surveillance reste de mise.Mots clés : Lymphangiomes kystique, malformation, cervico-facialeCystic lymphangioma is a vascular tumor, rare benign lymphatic origin. The main form is represented by the cervicofacial congenital lymphangioma of the child. Its pathogenesis is unknown. This congenital malformation of the lymphatic system is composed of cystic formations developed from lymphatic endothelium and filled with lymph and blood. Involvement of the upper aero digestive tract (UaDT) can lead to serious complications, involving life-threatening. We present three cases of cystic lymphangiomas of postnatal diagnosis. Treatment was surgical in all cases consisting of complete resection of the tumor and the diagnosis confirmed by histopathological examination of the surgical specimen. after a decline of at least 12 months, no local recurrence was observed; however, monitoring is still required.Keywords : cystic lymphangioma malformation, cervicofacia

Bilan de l’azote et du phosphore dans les exploitations agricoles de la région de Thiès au Sénégal

Dans la zone des Niayes de Thiès au Sénégal, un système d’exploitation agricole intégrant l’agriculture et l’élevage est largement adopté. L’aviculture est généralement associée au maraîchage avec une utilisation simultanée des engrais chimiques et des déchets organiques issus des élevages. Le bilan des minéraux essentiels (azote et phosphore) à l’échelle de l’exploitation agricole et de ses indicateurs de fonctionnement ont été estimés à l’aide d’enquêtes et d’analyses de laboratoire. Les bilans positifs obtenus au niveau de toutes les exploitations prospectées ont montré des excédents d'azote (N) et de phosphore (P) élevés avec des valeurs moyennes de 1455,38 et 76,59 kg/ha/an, respectivement. Les pertes de N et de P sont importantes et restent indépendants de l’effectif des sujets. Les indicateurs de fonctionnement calculés pour l’azote et le phosphore traduisent leur mauvaise gestion dans les exploitations avec des indices de gaspillage respectifs de 12,74 et de 1,90 kg.Mot clés : Minéraux, indicateurs de fonctionnement, exploitations agricoles, Sénégal

Isolation and identification of bioactive compounds from kernel seed cake of the mango (Mangifera indica Lam)

The ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of Mangifera indica kernel seed cake inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The bioactive compounds were isolated and identified by NMR, UV and mass spectrometry as methyl gallate, gallic acid and penta-O-galloylglucose. Theisolated methyl gallate and penta-O-galloylglucose also showed significant antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Keywords: Mangifera indica, kernel seed cake, antibacterial activity, gallic acid, penta-O-galloylglucose, methyl gallate