Performance Enhancement in CZTS Solar Cells by SCAPS-1D Software

This is the abstract, usually it does not have references. Usually the reader will read this part first to know what this paper is about and decide upon it to continue reading or not. The font of main text is 10 Times New Roman with single line spacing of 6 pt after and 0 pt before. The titles of sections are font 12, bold and they have single line spacing of 6pt before, 12 pt after, subsections are font 12, Italic and they have single line spacing of 6pt before, 12 pt after. Both upper line and lower line enclosing this part is paper-specific and changes according to the paper, usually it is very similar to the journal header background color, abstract contents are Times New Roman size 10, no line spacing

Solutions formulas for some general systems of difference equations

WOS:000741090800004In this paper, we give explicit formulas of the solutions of the two general systems of difference equations x(n+1 )= f(-1) (ag(y(n)) + bf (x(n-1)) + cg(y(n-2)) + df (x(n-3))) , y(n+1)= g(-1) (af (x(n)) + b(g)(y(n-1)) + cf (x(n-2)) + dg(y(n-3))) , and x(n+1) = f(-1) (a+b/g(y(n)) + c/ g(y(n))f(x(n-1)) + d/g(y(n))f(x(n-1))g(y(n-2))), y(n+1) = g(-1) (a+b/f(x(n)) + c/ f(x(n))g(y(n-1)) + d/f(x(n))g(y(n-1))f(x(n-2))), where n is an element of N-0, f, g : D -> R are "1 - 1" continuous functions on D subset of R, the initial values x(-i), y(-i), i = 0,1,2,3 are arbitrary real numbers in D and the parameters a, b, c and d are arbitrary real numbers. Our results considerably extend some existing results in the literature

Hypericum sp.: essential oil composition and biological activities

Phytochemical composition of Hypericum genus has been investigated for many years. In the recent past, studies on the essential oils (EO) of this genus have been progressing and many of them have reported interesting biological activities. Variations in the EO composition of Hypericum species influenced by seasonal variation, geographic distribution, phenological cycle and type of the organ in which EO are produced and/or accumulated have also been reported. Although many reviews attributed to the characterization as well as biological activities of H. perforatum crude extracts have been published, no review has been published on the EO composition and biological activities of Hypericum species until recently (Crockett in Nat Prod Commun 5(9):1493–1506, 2010; Bertoli et al. in Global Sci Books 5:29–47, 2011). In this article, we summarize and update information regarding the composition and biological activities of Hypericum species EO. Based on experimental work carried out in our laboratory we also mention possible biotechnology approaches envisaging EO improvement of some species of the genus.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - project PTDC/AGR AAM/70418/2006, SFRH/BD/ 13283/2003

Performance Enhancement in CZTS Solar Cells by SCAPS-1D

The development of CZTS-based solar cells is limited by two factors, the low open circuit voltage and the conversion efficiency. This is why, in this study, the impact of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) absorber thin layer parameters on the performance of the proposed MoS2/CZTS/CdS/ZnO heterostructure is simulated by the standard software SCAPS-1D. The improving output performances of this structure; the open circuit voltage (Voc), the short circuit current density (Jsc), the fill factor (FF) and the efficiency (h) are obtained by varying the absorber layer thickness, acceptor carrier concentration NA and taking into account the effect of the electron work function of the back metal contact. The optimized cell provides an energy conversion efficiency of 15.23% (Voc = 0.99 V, Jsc = 21.89 mA/cm2, FF = 69.79%) for an optimal thickness of 2 μm, a doping of 1×1016 cm-3. Performance enhancement of the proposed solar cell is subject to the back metal contact, the optimal simulated value of 5.7 eV of which represents that of the Platinum’s work function Pt. The interest of this simulation makes it possible to adjust the solar cells dimensions, optimize the absorbent layers doping, choose appropriately the back metal contact and therefore help to considerably reduce the various recombination phenomena as well as the secondary phases

Cuinse 2 Solar Cells Efficiency Optimization

Abstract In the present paper calculation of CuInSe2(CIS)/ CdS solar cell efficiency is presented. The influence of the thickness and the optical band gap of CdS and CIS layers on the solar cell performances are investigated. The thickness of CdS buffer layer, wh ich is generally neglected is taken into account. The solar cells performances calculat ions are based on the calculation, by means of developed software written with Matlab, o f photocurrent from the resolution of the well known three coupling equations: continuity equation for holes in the CdS (n -region) and fo r electrons in the CIS (p-region) and Poisson equation. The obtained results indicated that the solar cell efficiency can be improved by reducing the CdS thickness or by increasing the CIS thickness. The efficiency increasing rates are 0.01 %/ n m and 0.5 %/n m for CdS and CIS layer thickness respectively. The CdS layer alters the shorter wavelength of the solar spectrum, wh ile the CIS layer alters the longer wavelength. CIS layer optical band gap is the most crucial parameter by co mparison to the optical gap of CdS layer

THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF FLAT PLATE SOLAR COLLECTOR

In this paper, a theoretical and experimental studyof flat platesolar water collector with reflectors.A mathematical model based on energy balance equations saw the thermal behavior of the collector is investigated. The experimental test was made at the unit research applies in renewable energy (URAER) located in southern Algeria.An increase of 23% for solar radiation incident on the collector surface with the addition of the planers reflectors in the day of May, this increase causes an improvement of the performance of the collector,the fluid temperature increases with an average of 5%. Thetests conducted on the flat plate solar water collector in open circuit enabled the determination of thermal performance of the collector by estimating the daily output The thermal efficiency of the collector ranges from 1% -63% during the day, a mean value of 36%obtained