Substrate oxidation and blood lactate responses to varying exercise intensities in breast cancer patients and healthy controls

Post-treated breast cancer patients were matched with healthy women based on age, physical fitness level and menopausal status. Subjects participated in low, moderate, and high intensity submaximal exercise sessions that corresponded with 40% VO2max, 60% VO2max, and 70% VO2max. Oxygen uptake and respiratory exchange ratio were taken during submaximal exercise sessions to determine substrate oxidation. Blood lactate and blood glucose were measured before and after submaximal exercise sessions. The breast cancer patients had a significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) lower carbohydrate oxidation rate and higher fat oxidation rate at all exercise intensities compared to healthy women. The breast cancer patients had a significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) lower blood lactate response to exercise at all intensities compared to the healthy women. The results indicate that post-treated breast cancer patients have augmented lipid metabolism and reduced carbohydrate metabolism during submaximal exercise

Exercise in Patients With Breast Cancer and Healthy Controls: Energy Substrate Oxidation and Blood Lactate Responses

The aim of this study was to compare select aspects of exercise energy metabolism in patients with breast cancer with that of healthy controls across a variety of exercise intensities. Posttreated patients with breast cancer were matched with healthy women based on age, physical fitness level, and menopausal status. Subjects participated in low-, moderate-, and high-intensity submaximal exercise sessions that corresponded with 40% of maximal oxygen consumption

A Population of Gamma-Ray Millisecond Pulsars Seen with the Fermi Large Area Telescope

Gamma-Ray Pulsar Bonanza Most of the pulsars we know about were detected through their radio emission; a few are known to pulse gamma rays but were first detected at other wavelengths (see the Perspective by Halpern ). Using the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope, Abdo et al. (p. 840 , published online 2 July; see the cover) report the detection of 16 previously unknown pulsars based on their gamma-ray emission alone. Thirteen of these coincide with previously unidentified gamma-ray sources, solving the 30-year-old mystery of their identities. Pulsars are fast-rotating neutron stars. With time they slow down and cease to radiate; however, if they are in a binary system, they can have their spin rates increased by mass transfer from their companion stars, starting a new life as millisecond pulsars. In another study, Abdo et al. (p. 845 ) report the detection of gamma-ray emission from the globular cluster 47 Tucanae, which is coming from an ensemble of millisecond pulsars in the cluster's core. The data imply that there are up to 60 millisecond pulsars in 47 Tucanae, twice as many as predicted by radio observations. In a further companion study, Abdo et al. (p. 848 , published online 2 July) searched Fermi Large Area Telescope data for pulsations from all known millisecond pulsars outside of stellar clusters, finding gamma-ray pulsations for eight of them. Their properties resemble those of other gamma-ray pulsars, suggesting that they share the same basic emission mechanism. Indeed, both sets of pulsars favor emission models in which the gamma rays are produced in the outer magnetosphere of the neutron star