Real-space observation of short-period cubic lattice of skyrmions in MnGe

Emergent phenomena and functions arising from topological electron-spin textures in real space or momentum space are attracting growing interest for new concept of states of matter as well as for possible applications to spintronics. One such example is a magnetic skyrmion, a topologically stable nanoscale spin vortex structure characterized by a topological index. Real-space regular arrays of skyrmions are described by combination of multi-directional spin helixes. Nanoscale configurations and characteristics of the two-dimensional skyrmion hexagonal-lattice have been revealed extensively by real-space observations. Other three-dimensional forms of skyrmion lattices, such as a cubic-lattice of skyrmions, are also anticipated to exist, yet their direct observations remain elusive. Here we report real-space observations of spin configurations of the skyrmion cubic-lattice in MnGe with a very short period (~3 nm) and hence endowed with the largest skyrmion number density. The skyrmion lattices parallel to the {100} atomic lattices are directly observed using Lorentz transmission electron microscopes (Lorentz TEMs). It enables the first simultaneous observation of magnetic skyrmions and underlying atomic-lattice fringes. These results indicate the emergence of skyrmion-antiskyrmion lattice in MnGe, which is a source of emergent electromagnetic responses and will open a possibility of controlling few-nanometer scale skyrmion lattices through atomic lattice modulations

Geochemistry of shield stage basalts from Baluran volcano, East Java, Sunda arc

We report petrography and geochemistry of basaltic lava flows from the shield stage of Baluran, a Quaternary volcanic center in the rear of East Java, Sunda Arc, Indonesia. These basalts contain abundant plagioclase, clinopyroxene, olivine, and minor magnetite. Geochemically, they resemble other medium-K calc alkaline basalts from eastern Java’s volcanoes, but they are less enriched in light ion lithophile elements (LILE) and Pb. The predicted primary basalt of Baluran lavas can be sourced to a more primitive primary melt composition which may also generate medium-K calc-alkaline magmas in the region. The fractionation trajectory of these primary magmas shows the importance of plagioclase, clinopyroxene, olivine, and magnetite phase removal from the melt. Regardless of the diverse composition of the derivatives, the calculated primary basalts from the eastern Java are all in the field of nepheline-normative. This finding suggests variably small degree of melting of clinopyroxene-rich mantle source is at play in the generation of these magmas. Our result further suggests that the clinopyroxene source rock is possibly present as veins in peridotite mantle which have experienced metasomatism by addition of slab-derived fluids at differing proportion

小型球形ウィルス(SRSV)対策技術としての光触媒/紫外線消毒法

金沢大学理工研究域機械工学系日本下水道協会への転載許可申請済_2022.0

Chronic coadministration of carbamazepine together with imipramine produces antidepressant-like effects in an ACTH-induced animal model of treatment–resistant depression: Involvement of 5-HT 2A receptors?

The use of carbamazepine has been reported to be an effective treatment for severe depression. We have already shown that the antidepressant-like effects of tricyclic antidepressants in the rat forced swim test (FST) are blocked by chronic treatment with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). In the present study, we examined the effect of the chronic administration of carbamazepine on the FST and the wet-dog shakes induced by (+/-)-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aiminopropane (DOI), a 5-HT2A receptor agonist, in ACTH-treated rats. Chronic administration of carbamazepine did not affect the duration of immobility in saline-treated and ACTH-treated rats. The reduction of immobility, induced by chronic administration of imipramine, was blocked by treatment with ACTH. When carbamazepine was administered concurrently with imipramine, we observed a significant decrease in immobility in rats treated with ACTH. Chronic ACTH treatment increased the number of the wet-dog shakes induced by DOI. This effect of ACTH was significantly increased by the coadministration of carbamazepine and imipramine. These results suggest that the use of carbamazepine together with tricyclic antidepressants had the effect of reducing immobility time in the FST in a tricyclic antidepressant-treatment-resistant depressive model induced by chronic ACTH treatment. </p

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor of the Stomach with Narrow Stalk-Like Based, Uneven Protruding Appearance Presenting with Severe Acute Anemia despite Small Size

We report the case of a 56-year-old woman who had a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) of the stomach. She was admitted to our hospital for epigastric pain, nausea, and severe acute anemia (hemoglobin level 4.3 g/dl). Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a narrow stalk-like based, hemorrhagic and uneven protruding lesion in the lesser curvature of the gastric upper corpus. Although the tumor was less than 2 cm in diameter and was probably a benign GIST according to histology, laparoscopy-assisted local resection was needed because the patient had continuous severe anemia and epigastric pain. Histological assessment showed that the elongated spindle-like tumor cells originated from the intrinsic muscle layer, and was shown with growth to the mucosal side, cropping out to the surface in most areas of the protruding lesion. Only a small part of the tumor was within nontumoral gastric mucosa. Most of the tumor cells demonstrated immunoreactivity for KIT and CD34 in the cytoplasm but not for αSMA, S100, and desmin. Mitotic activity (0/50 high power field) and the labeling index for MIB-1 (about 1%) were low. The GIST of the stomach described in this report was a rare case with a narrow stalk-like based, uneven protruding mass presenting with severe acute anemia despite small size

Correlation between magnifying narrow band imaging and histopathology in gastric protruding/or polypoid lesions: a pilot feasibility trial

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Several study showed usefulness of microscopic capillaries, seen by magnifying narrow band imaging (NBI) endoscopy for predicting histopathology among superficial depressed or flat elevated gastric neoplasia (GN). Here we assessed the diagnostic efficacy of magnifying NBI for predicting histopathology among gastric protruding/or polypoid lesions.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Using endoscopic pictures of magnifying NBI from 95 protruding/or polypoid lesions (19 fundic gland polyps: FGP, 47 hyperplastic polyps: HP, and 29 GN), fine mucosal patterns were classified into four categories: small round, prolonged, villous or ridge, and unclear patterns, and micro vascular patterns were classified into five categories: honey comb, dense vascular, fine net work, core vascular, and unclear patterns.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Most suggestive micro vascular patterns for predicting FGP, and HP were honeycomb (sensitivity 94.7%, specificity 97.4%), and dense vascular patterns (sensitivity 93.6%, specificity 91.6%), respectively. Fine net work, core vascular, and unclear patterns presented higher specificity (97%, 100%, and 100%) for predicting GN, and diagnostic efficacy of combined of those patterns was favorable (sensitivity 86.2%, specificity 97.0%).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Micro vascular patterns by using magnifying NBI provides meaningful information for predicting the histopathology of gastric protruding/or polypoid lesions.</p

Observation of α-decay of ^<229m>Th produced from ^<229>Ac(II. Radiochemistry)

We produced ^Th in the nuclear reaction ^Th(γ, p2n)^ Ac, followed by disintegration to ^Th. The α-decay signals from ^Th were searched for and the alpha-particle events of the energy region between 4.93MeV and 5.05MeV were observed in the separated thorium fraction from an actinium source highly purified from the ^Th+γ reaction products. The energy values of the α-particles coincide with those expected for ^Th

The utility and limitations of an ultrasonic miniprobe in the staging of gastric cancer

To determine the utility and limitations of an ultrasonic miniprobe (UMP) in the staging of gastric cancer, we evaluated 46 patients who underwent endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) using an UMP and who were histologically determined to have gastric cancers. In every case, UMP findings were compared with histopathological findings after treatment. The total accuracy of UMP relative to the depth of tumor invasion was71.7% (33/46 cases). Accuracy with respect to T1-m tumor diagnosis was 75.7% (22/29cases), and for T1-sm, 76.9% (10/13 cases), but accuracy for T2 tumor diagnosis was low, due to ultrasound attenuation. When the analysis was carried out based on the size of tumor, the accuracy for UMP was 50.0% (9/18cases) for all tumors over 20mm and 85.7%(24/28 cases) for all tumors smaller than 20mm. We conclude that UMP is suitable for investigation of tumor extension when the lesion is superficial and / or small gastric cancers which do not cause ultrasonic attenuation, but not when the tumor is large or located in certain sites, although conventional EUS is useful in some of these cases