Transport of Non-Newtonian Suspensions of Highly Concentrated Micro- And Nanoscale Iron Particles in Porous Media: A Modeling Approach

The use of zerovalent iron micro- and nanoparticles (MZVI and NZVI) for groundwater remediation is hindered by colloidal instability, causing aggregation (for NZVI) and sedimentation (for MZVI) of the particles. Transportability of MZVI and NZVI in porous media was previously shown to be significantly increased if viscous shear-thinning fluids (xanthan gum solutions) are used as carrier fluids. In this work, a novel modeling approach is proposed and applied for the simulation of 1D flow and transport of highly concentrated (20 g/L) non- Newtonian suspensions of MZVI and NZVI, amended with xanthan gum (3 g/L). The coupled model is able to simulate the flow of a shear thinning fluid including the variable apparent viscosity arising from changes in xanthan and suspended iron particle concentrations. The transport of iron particles is modeled using a dual-site approach accounting for straining and physicochemical deposition/release phenomena. A general formulation for reversible deposition is herein proposed, that includes all commonly applied dynamics (linear attachment, blocking, ripening). Clogging of the porous medium due to deposition of iron particles is modeled by tying porosity and permeability to deposited iron particles. The numerical model proved to adequately fit the transport tests conducted using both MZVI and NZVI and can develop into a powerful tool for the design and the implementation of full scale zerovalent iron application

From Elmolo to Gura Pau: a remembered Cushitic language of Lake Turkana and its possible revitalization

This article discusses the “extinct” Elmolo language of the Lake Turkana area in Kenya. A surprisingly large amount of the vocabulary of this Cushitic language (whose community shifted to Nilotic Samburu in the 20th century), far from being lost and forgotten, is still known and is, to a certain extent, still used. The Cushitic material contains both specialized vocabulary (for the most part related to fishing) and miscellaneous and general words, mostly basic lexicon. It is this part of the lexicon that is the basis of recent revitalization efforts currently undertaken by the community in response to the changing political situation in the area. The article describes the Cushitic material still found among the Elmolo and discusses the current revitalization efforts (in which the author has, albeit marginally, taken part), pinpointing its difficulties and uncertain results. The article is followed by a glossary listing all the Cushitic words still in use or remembered by at least a part of the community

Joachim Crass - Ronny Meyer (eds.): Deictics, Copula and Focus in the Ethiopian Convergence Area

Review   

Da Cheng Ying a Leango: la lealtà cinese nella trasposizione melodrammatica di Metastasio

This article traces the translation path that led to various Western theatrical rewritings of The Orphan of Zhao family (Zhaoshi gu'er 趙氏孤兒), the famous Chinese drama of the Yuan 元 dynasty (1271-1368) by playwright Ji Junxiang紀君祥. Taking into account the earliest historical Chinese sources, the article analyses the theatrical and musical re-adaptations that followed the first French translation of the drama, by the Jesuit missionary J. H. M. de Prémare (1735). In particular, the analysis focuses on the libretto L’eroe cinese (The Chinese Hero) by Pietro Metastasio (1752). Comparing and analysing the textus receptus and this Italian rewriting, we try to demonstrate how the image of China represented in this work, filtered through the translation of P. de Prémare, is only evoked as an exotic context, following the fashion of the era for the chinoiserie. Subsequently, the article offers a comparison between Cheng Ying, main character of Chinese drama, and Leango, protagonist of the melodrama by Metastasio, analysing the way in which they express their loyalty to their lord and react to the adversities of life, revealing the cultural differences of the context from which the two works derived