チョウビリュウ シチッカアルミニウム フンマツ ノ ショウケツ

Low temperature sinterability of AIN powders with different particle sizes was examined using Y_20_3 as a sintering additive. Samples used in this paper were plasma nitridation AIN with 0.09μm, metal nitridation AIN with 1.2μm, and carbothermal reduction and nitridation with 0.7 and 2.0μm in diameter. Fine powder with higher specific surface area showed higher sinterability at relatively low sintering temperature. Plasma nitridation powder showed excellent sintering behavior with 90% of theoretical density of AIN at 1600℃. No liquid phase formation was observed in the sample sintered between 1400 and 1700℃ with addition of Y_20_3. Processing parameters, i. e., solvent kinds for mixing or amount of binder addition strongly affected the sinterability of AIN in the case of plasma nitridation powder. Low temperature sintering without liquid phase formation needs careful powder processing to control the agglomeration and oxygen contents

Demographics of smokers who participated in this study.

Demographics of smokers who participated in this study.</p

S1 File -

(XLSX)</p

More information of Fig 6.

Abbreviations, quantity units, and normal ranges are listed. (DOCX)</p

Effects of smoking cessation with varenicline on the serum levels of oxHDL and HDL-C in nicotine-dependent subjects.

(A) OxHDL was significantly decreased after smoking cessation with varenicline (p = 0.034, n = 99). (B) HDL-C was significantly increased after smoking cessation with varenicline (p = 0.0044, n = 99). * p p < 0.01. Bars: SEM. Abbreviations: HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; oxHDL, oxidized high-density lipoprotein.</p

After data omission from Fig 2.

Data of subjects in whom the treatment was objectively unsuccessful (exhaled CO at 3 months ≥ 10 ppm) were omitted (n = 93). (A) OxHDL was significantly decreased after smoking cessation with varenicline (p = 0.0063, n = 93). (B) HDL-C was significantly increased after smoking cessation with varenicline (p = 0.011, n = 93). * p p < 0.01. Bars: SEM. Abbreviations: CO, carbon monoxide; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; oxHDL, oxidized high-density lipoprotein.</p

Subgroup analysis of Fig 2.

Subjects were divided into two groups of successful and incomplete subjects based on the self-reports. In successful subjects, varenicline significantly decreased the serum concentration of oxHDL, but it significantly increased HDL-C (A, B). In incomplete subjects, these effects by varenicline were not statistically significant (C, D). * p p < 0.01. Bars: SEM. Abbreviations: HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; oxHDL, oxidized high-density lipoprotein.</p

Relationships between changes in exhaled CO and changes in oxHDL or HDL-C levels in subjects receiving varenicline for smoking cessation.

(A) There was no significant association observed between ΔoxHDL and ΔCO in total (n = 99). (B) When subjects with a decrease in CO by ≥ 15 ppm after treatment with varenicline were selected, a close correlation between ΔoxHDL and ΔCO was observed (R = 0.42, p < 0.01, n = 43). (C) There was no significant association noted between ΔHDL-C and ΔCO (n = 99). (D) There was no significant association recorded between ΔHDL-C and ΔCO even after the aforementioned selection (n = 43). Abbreviations: CO, carbon monoxide; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; oxHDL, oxidized high-density lipoprotein.</p

Changes in various parameters and association with oxHDL or HDL-C.

Abbreviations, quantity units, and normal ranges are listed in S1 Table.</p

Relationships between the serum levels of oxHDL and HDL-C in nicotine-dependent subjects.

(A) There was a significant correlation between the baseline serum levels of oxHDL and HDL-C (R = 0.47, p < 0.0001). (B) Arrow blots of serum oxHDL and HDL-C levels in nicotine-dependent subjects receiving varenicline for smoking cessation. The vector of average changes is shown from the red circle to the yellow circle. Abbreviations: HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; oxHDL, oxidized high-density lipoprotein.</p