Taxonomic and functional analysis of soil microbial communities in a mining site across a metal(loid) contamination gradient

Soil microorganisms surviving in mining sites have developed metal resistance mechanisms to biotransform metals, and their use as biofertilizers can promote plant growth and reduce metal toxicity, thus improving the phytoremediation efficiency in contaminated soils. We analysed through a whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing approach the composition, diversity and function of the microbial communities of a contaminated mine soil along a gradient of metal(loid)s (As, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn) in order to identify tolerant species carrying metal-resistance functional genes that can be used in association with plants for phytoremediation strategies. Soil samples were collected across three areas with different levels of metal contamination (not affected, moderately contaminated and highly contaminated areas) from an abandoned copper mine. We found that the relative abundance of Proteobacteria increased in highly contaminated areas, especially the genus Bradyrhizobium, whereas Actinobacteria dominated in the not affected area. Archaea (Euryarchaeota), with the most abundant genera Haloarcula, Halobacterium and Halorubrum, predominated in the moderately contaminated soil. As regards to fungi, Basidiomycota did not exhibit differences between areas, while Ascomycota and its genus Aspergillus increased in areas with low metal concentrations. Metal-resistance genes associated to Fe (acn, furA, dpsA), Cu (cop-unnamed, copF, actP, copA, mmco, cutO) and As (arsT, arsC, aioA/aoxB) metabolism were the most abundant and were affected by the gradient of soil contamination. Those associated to Cu had higher abundance in the most contaminated areas, whereas As and Fe genes were more abundant in the least contaminated. Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Halorubrum trapanicum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus fischeri were abundant in the most contaminated soils and are carriers of metal-resistance genes. These species are promising tools for their use as biofertilizers with phytoremediation plants in contaminated mining site

Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP1) negatively regulates Microbe-Associated Molecular Pattern-triggered immunity in Arabidopsis

In the search for early signalling components of Microbe-Associated Molecular Pattern (MAMP)-triggered immunity we identified a null allele of the mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 gene (MKP1). MKP1 functions as a negative regulator of broad MAMP-triggering immunity responses since mkp1 mutant is more resistant to the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina BMM (PcBMM), the hemibiotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and the biotrophic oomycete Hyaloperonospora arbidopsidis. MKP1 regulates ROS production by modulating the NADPH oxidase RBOHD, since mkp1 plants constitutively overexpressing RbohD (35S::RbohD mkp1) display elevated ROS levels upon MAMP treatment. In addition, a metabolomic analysis revealsa significant reprograming of the metabolic profile in mkp1, with more than 200 metabolites showing differential accumulation compared to wild-type plants. Antimicrobial compounds of the glucosinolate pathway or camalexin as well as defense-associated metabolites, like salicylic acid, are among the compounds that mkp1 plants accumulate at high levels. To characterize the elements responsible for this broad enhanced resistance, we crossed mkp1 mutant to lines compromised in the production of tryptophan derived metabolites and salicylic acid. Patho-tests performed in the combinatory mutants reveal that different defensive elements are required for the mkp1 enhanced resistance to P. cucumerinaBMM and P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000, suggesting that MKP1 down-regulates distinct defensive pathways in response to different pathogens

Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP1) negatively regulates Microbe-Associated Molecular Pattern-triggered immunity in Arabidopsis

In the search for early signalling components of Microbe-Associated Molecular Pattern (MAMP)-triggered immunity we identified a null allele of the mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 gene (MKP1). MKP1 functions as a negative regulator of broad MAMP-triggering immunity responses since mkp1 mutant is more resistant to the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina BMM (PcBMM), the hemibiotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and the biotrophic oomycete Hyaloperonospora arbidopsidis. MKP1 regulates ROS production by modulating the NADPH oxidase RBOHD, since mkp1 plants constitutively overexpressing RbohD (35S::RbohD mkp1) display elevated ROS levels upon MAMP treatment. In addition, a metabolomic analysis revealsa significant reprograming of the metabolic profile in mkp1, with more than 200 metabolites showing differential accumulation compared to wild-type plants. Antimicrobial compounds of the glucosinolate pathway or camalexin as well as defense-associated metabolites, like salicylic acid, are among the compounds that mkp1 plants accumulate at high levels. To characterize the elements responsible for this broad enhanced resistance, we crossed mkp1 mutant to lines compromised in the production of tryptophan derived metabolites and salicylic acid. Patho-tests performed in the combinatory mutants reveal that different defensive elements are required for the mkp1 enhanced resistance to P. cucumerinaBMM and P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000, suggesting that MKP1 down-regulates distinct defensive pathways in response to different pathogens

Laboratorio de creación poética: un espacio colaborativo de escritura en la universidad

Este proyecto de innovación docente consiste en la creación de un Laboratorio poético: un espacio colaborativo de escritura de poesía dirigido a estudiantes de distintos grados y másteres de Filología de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Se ha llevado a cabo un trabajo colectivo de taller, y este se ha acompañado de seminarios de formación práctica, encuentros con poetas y otras actividades de creación, en cuya organización han intervenido los propios estudiantes, como recitales y publicaciones.Depto. de Lengua Española y Teoría de la LiteraturaFac. de FilologíaFALSEsubmitte

Patient-Level, Institutional, and Temporal Variations in Use of Imaging Modalities to Confirm Pulmonary Embolism

International audienceBackground: The choice of the imaging modality for diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) could be influenced by provider, patient or hospital characteristics, or over time. However, little is known about the choice of the diagnostic modalities in practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the variations in the use of imaging modalities for patients with acute PE. Methods: Using the data from Registro Informatizado Enfermedad TromboEmbolica (RIETE), a prospective international registry of patients with venous thromboembolism (March 2001–January 2019), we explored the imaging modalities used in patients with acute PE. The imaging modalities included computed tomography pulmonary angiography, ventilation/perfusion scanning, pulmonary angiography, a combination of these tests, or PE signs and symptoms plus imaging-confirmed proximal deep vein thrombosis but no chest imaging. Results: Among 38 025 patients with confirmed PE (53.1% female, age: 67.3±17 years), computed tomography pulmonary angiography was the dominant modality of diagnosis in all RIETE enrollees (78.2% [99% CI, 77.6–78.7]); including pregnant patients (58.9% [99% CI, 47.7%–69.4%]) and patients with severe renal insufficiency (62.5% [99% CI, 59.9–65.0]). A greater proportion of patients underwent ventilation/perfusion scanning in larger hospitals compared with smaller hospitals (13.1% versus 7.3%, P <0.001). The use of computed tomography pulmonary angiography varied between 13.3% and 98.3% across the countries, and its use increased over time (46.5% in 2002 to 91.7% in 2018, P <0.001). Conclusions: In a large multinational PE registry, variations were observed in the use of imaging modalities according to patient or institutional factors and over time. However, computed tomography pulmonary angiography was the dominant modality of diagnosis, even in pregnancy and severe renal insufficiency. The safety, costs, and downstream effects of these tests on PE-related and non-PE-related outcomes warrant further investigation