Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

El aprovechamiento del recurso faunístico en El Cerro Jazmín, Oaxaca

The use of the fauna resource in El Cerro Jazmín, Oaxaca, the Cerro Jazmín site is located northwest of the current capital of Oaxaca. This city was populated from the Late Formative to the Early Postclassic. The inhabitants took advantage of diverse environments to subsist and cover their needs in this city. The fauna resource reflects different ecosystems such as the Pacific Ocean coast and the Gulf of Mexico, humid and semi-dry temperate zones. Evidence of the remains of invertebrates and vertebrates shows working techniques to convert them into ornamental and utilitarian objects. The feeding in this place is distinguished in two groups: domesticated and wild animals, emphasizing the presence of sea turtles. This research highlights the importance of working in multidisciplinary groups to understand the mosaic of food in ancient populationsEl sitio Cerro Jazmín está ubicado al noroeste de la actual capital de Oaxaca. Esta urbe fue poblada desde el Formativo Tardío hasta el Posclásico Temprano. Los habitantes aprovecharon diversos ambientes para subsistir y cubrir sus necesidades en esta ciudad. El recurso faunístico refleja diferentes ecosistemas como las costas marinas del Océano Pacífico y el Golfo de México, zonas templadas húmedas y semisecas. La evidencia de los restos de invertebrados y vertebrados muestra técnicas de trabajo para convertirlos en objetos ornamentales y utilitarios. La alimentación en este sitio se distingue en dos grupos: animales domesticados y silvestres, destacando la presencia de tortugas marinas. En esta investigación se resalta la importancia de trabajar en grupos multidisciplinarios para entender el mosaico de la alimentación en poblaciones antiguas