O papel dos hospitais universitários no SUS: avanços e retrocessos

Os hospitais universitários vem atravessando uma crise de décadas, no que se refere a financiamento, gestão, inserção no SUS e relacionamento com a academia. A necessidade de mudanças neste modelo culminou com uma discussão de um programa entre gestores federais, estaduais, municipais e diversos membros da área hospitalar no sentido de recertificação e contratualização dos hospitais universitários, o que representa um avanço na implantação da integralidade e equidade do atendimento público

Standardization Of A Method Of Prolonged Thoracic Surgery And Mechanical Ventilation In Rats To Evaluate Local And Systemic Inflammation.

To evaluate the immediate pulmonary and systemic inflammatory response after a long-term operative period. Wistar rats in the experimental group were anaesthetized and submitted to tracheostomy, thoracotomy and remained on mechanical ventilation during three hours. Control animals were not submitted to the operative protocol. The following parameters have been evaluated: pulmonary myeloperoxidase activity, pulmonary serum protein extravasation, lung wet/dry weight ratio and measurement of levels of cytokines in serum. Operated animals exhibited significantly lower serum protein extravasation in lungs compared with control animals. The lung wet/dry weight ratio and myeloperoxidase activity did not differ between groups. Serum cytokines IL-1ß, TNF-α, and IL-10 levels were not detected in groups, whereas IL-6 was detected only in operated animals. The experimental mechanical ventilation in rats with a prolonged surgical time did not produce significant local and systemic inflammatory changes and permit to evaluate others procedures in thoracic surgery.2638-4

Postintubation injuries and open surgical tracheostomy: should we always perform isthmectomy?

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of the surgical team (general surgery or thoracic surgery) and the surgical technique (with or without isthmectomy) on the incidence of postintubation injuries in the airways of tracheostomized patients. METHODS: Between January 1st and August 31st, 2007, 164 patients admitted to the adult intensive care unit and tracheally intubated for more than 24 h were studied prospectively at the Sumaré State Hospital, located at the city of Sumare, Brazil. When tracheostomy was necessary, these patients were randomly assigned to thoracic or general surgery teams. All of the patients were submitted to fiberoptic tracheoscopy for decannulation or late evaluation of the airway. RESULTS: Of the 164 patients in the study, 90 (54.88%) died (due to causes unrelated to the procedure), 67 (40.85%) completed follow-up, and 7 (4.27%) were lost to follow-up. Of the 67 patients who completed follow-up, 32 had undergone tracheostomy (21 by the general surgery team and 11 by the thoracic surgery team), and 22 had been submitted to isthmectomy (11 by the general surgery team and 11 by the thoracic surgery team). There was no difference between the surgical teams in terms of the incidence of stomal complications. However, there was a significant difference when the surgical techniques (with or without isthmectomy) were compared. CONCLUSIONS: Not performing isthmectomy in parallel with tracheostomy leads the surgeon to open the tracheal stoma more distally than expected. In such cases, there were more stomal complications.Avaliar a influência da equipe cirúrgica (cirurgia geral ou cirurgia torácica) e da técnica operatória utilizada (com ou sem istmectomia) sobre a incidência de injúrias pós-intubação nas vias aéreas em pacientes traqueostomizados. MÉTODOS: Foram prospectivamente incluídos neste estudo 164 pacientes admitidos na unidade de terapia intensiva para adultos do Hospital Estadual Sumaré e que ficaram sob intubação traqueal por mais de 24 h, no período entre 1º de janeiro e 31 de agosto de 2007. Quando foi necessária a realização de traqueostomia, os pacientes foram aleatorizados para as equipes de cirurgia geral e torácica. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à traqueoscopia flexível para a decanulação e/ou a avaliação tardia da via aérea. RESULTADOS: Dos 164 pacientes no estudo, 90 (54,88%) faleceram (sem relação com o procedimento), 67 (40,85%) completaram o seguimento e 7 (4,27%) tiveram seguimento parcial. Dos 67 pacientes com seguimento completo, 32 foram traqueostomizados (21 pela equipe de cirurgia geral e 11 pela equipe de cirurgia torácica). A istmectomia foi realizada em 22 pacientes (11 pela equipe de cirurgia geral e 11 pela equipe de cirurgia torácica). Não houve diferença entre o índice de complicações estomais quando se comparou as equipes, mas sim quando se comparou as técnicas (com e sem istmectomia). CONCLUSÕES: A não realização da istmectomia paralelamente à traqueostomia faz com que o cirurgião realize o óstio traqueal mais distalmente do que supõe. Nestes casos, houve um maior índice de complicações do estoma traqueal353227233To evaluate the influence of the surgical team (general surgery or thoracic surgery) and the surgical technique (with or without isthmectomy) on the incidence of postintubation injuries in the airways of tracheostomized patients. METHODS: Between January 1st and August 31st, 2007, 164 patients admitted to the adult intensive care unit and tracheally intubated for more than 24 h were studied prospectively at the Sumaré State Hospital, located at the city of Sumare, Brazil. When tracheostomy was necessary, these patients were randomly assigned to thoracic or general surgery teams. All of the patients were submitted to fiberoptic tracheoscopy for decannulation or late evaluation of the airway. RESULTS: Of the 164 patients in the study, 90 (54.88%) died (due to causes unrelated to the procedure), 67 (40.85%) completed follow-up, and 7 (4.27%) were lost to follow-up. Of the 67 patients who completed follow-up, 32 had undergone tracheostomy (21 by the general surgery team and 11 by the thoracic surgery team), and 22 had been submitted to isthmectomy (11 by the general surgery team and 11 by the thoracic surgery team). There was no difference between the surgical teams in terms of the incidence of stomal complications. However, there was a significant difference when the surgical techniques (with or without isthmectomy) were compared. CONCLUSIONS: Not performing isthmectomy in parallel with tracheostomy leads the surgeon to open the tracheal stoma more distally than expected. In such cases, there were more stomal complication

Use of a one-way flutter valve drainage system in the postoperative period following lung resection

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate pleural drainage using a one-way flutter valve following elective lung resection. METHODS: This was a prospective study, with descriptive analysis, of 39 lung resections performed using a one-way flutter valve to achieve pleural drainage during the postoperative period. Patients less than 12 years of age were excluded, as were those submitted to pneumonectomy or emergency surgery, those who were considered lost to follow-up and those in whom water-seal drainage was used as the initial method of pleural drainage. Lung expansion, duration of the drainage, hospital stay and postoperative complications were noted. RESULTS: A total of 36 patients were included and analyzed in this study. The mean duration of pleural drainage was 3.0 ± 1.6 days. At 30 days after the surgical procedure, chest X-ray results were considered normal for 34 patients (95.2%). Postoperative complications occurred in 8 patients (22.4%) and were related to the drainage system in 3 (8.4%) of those. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a one-way flutter valve following elective lung resection was effective, was well tolerated and presented a low rate of complications.Avaliar a drenagem pleural através de válvula unidirecional de tórax no pós-operatório de ressecção pulmonar eletiva. MÉTODOS: Foram realizadas 39 ressecções pulmonares, de forma prospectiva e com análise descritiva, em pacientes que utilizaram a válvula unidirecional de tórax (VUT) como o método de drenagem pleural durante o período pós-operatório. Foram excluídos os pacientes com idade inferior a 12 anos, os submetidos à pneumectomia ou a operação de urgência, os que não completaram o seguimento do estudo e os pacientes que utilizaram o sistema de frasco em selo d'água como método inicial de drenagem pleural. Observou-se a expansão pulmonar, o tempo de permanência com o sistema de drenagem, o período de internação e as complicações pós-operatórias. RESULTADOS: Neste estudo, foram incluídos e analisados 36 pacientes. A média de permanência com o sistema de drenagem pleural foi de 3,0 ± 1,6 dias. O laudo da radiografia de tórax, realizado após 30 dias do procedimento cirúrgico foi considerado normal em 34 (95,2%) pacientes. Ocorreram oito (22,4%) casos de complicações pós-operatórias, sendo três (8,4%) relacionadas à VUT. CONCLUSÕES: A utilização da VUT no pós-operatório de ressecção pulmonar eletiva foi eficiente, bem tolerada e apresentou baixo índice de complicação348559566To evaluate pleural drainage using a one-way flutter valve following elective lung resection. METHODS: This was a prospective study, with descriptive analysis, of 39 lung resections performed using a one-way flutter valve to achieve pleural drainage during the postoperative period. Patients less than 12 years of age were excluded, as were those submitted to pneumonectomy or emergency surgery, those who were considered lost to follow-up and those in whom water-seal drainage was used as the initial method of pleural drainage. Lung expansion, duration of the drainage, hospital stay and postoperative complications were noted. RESULTS: A total of 36 patients were included and analyzed in this study. The mean duration of pleural drainage was 3.0 ± 1.6 days. At 30 days after the surgical procedure, chest X-ray results were considered normal for 34 patients (95.2%). Postoperative complications occurred in 8 patients (22.4%) and were related to the drainage system in 3 (8.4%) of those. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a one-way flutter valve following elective lung resection was effective, was well tolerated and presented a low rate of complication

Evaluation of quality of life of patients submitted to pulmonary resection due to neoplasia

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the health-related quality of life of patients submitted to resection of the pulmonary parenchyma due to neoplasia. METHODS: The Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey was used to evaluate patients in the preoperative period and on postoperative days 30, 90 and 180. We used the GEE statistical model, in which the dependent variable (quality of life) changes for each patient over the course of the evaluation. Independent variables were gender, age, educational level, type of surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, forced vital capacity and 6-minute walk test. The level of significance adopted was 5%. RESULTS: The final study sample comprised 36 patients, 20 of whom were men. Of those 36 patients, 17 were submitted to lobectomy, 10 to pneumonectomy, 6 to segmentectomy, and 3 to bilobectomy. Chemotherapy was used in 15 patients, radiotherapy in 2, and a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in 2. Improved quality of life was seen in the following domains: social (on postoperative day 90); physical/functional (some patients presenting better forced vital capacity and 6-minute walk test performance); and physical (in patients undergoing smaller resections). Lowered quality of life was seen in the following domains: social (for female patients); physical/social (resulting from radiotherapy, chemotherapy or both); and physical/functional (by postoperative day 30). CONCLUSIONS: It is important that studies evaluating the various determinants of quality of life, as well as the impact that cancer treatment modalities have on such variables, be conducted. The knowledge provided by such studies can contribute to improving the quality of life of patients undergoing pulmonary resection due to neoplasia.Avaliar a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de pacientes com ressecção de parênquima pulmonar por neoplasia. MÉTODO: Os pacientes foram estudados no pré-operatório e posteriormente nos 30º, 90º e 180º dias do pós-operatório, através do questionário The Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey. Utilizaram-se como modelo estatístico as Equações de Estimação Generalizada em que a variável dependente qualidade de vida muda para cada paciente ao longo dos tempos de coleta, considerando como variáveis independentes: sexo, idade, escolaridade, tipo de cirurgia, radioterapia, quimioterapia, capacidade vital forçada e teste de caminhada de seis minutos. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. RESULTADOS: Concluíram o estudo 36 pacientes, sendo 20 do sexo masculino. Dezessete foram submetidos a lobectomia, 10 a pneumectomia, 6 a segmentectomia e 3 a bilobectomia. Quinze pacientes receberam quimioterapia, 2 radioterapia e outros 2 rádio e quimioterapia. Houve melhora da qualidade de vida nos domínios: social após três meses da cirurgia; físico e funcional nos pacientes com melhor desempenho do teste de caminhada de seis minutos e capacidade vital forçada; e físico nos pacientes com menor ressecção cirúrgica. Houve piora da qualidade de vida nos domínios: social no sexo feminino; físico e social mediante tratamento com rádio e/ou quimioterapia; e físico e funcional nos primeiros 30 dias do pós-operatório. CONCLUSÃO: É importante a realização de estudos sobre os vários componentes da qualidade de vida e o impacto das formas de tratamento oncológico sobre estas variáveis, visando à melhora da qualidade de vida após ressecção pulmonar por neoplasia3211015To evaluate the health-related quality of life of patients submitted to resection of the pulmonary parenchyma due to neoplasia. METHODS: The Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey was used to evaluate patients in the preoperative period and on postoperative days 30, 90 and 180. We used the GEE statistical model, in which the dependent variable (quality of life) changes for each patient over the course of the evaluation. Independent variables were gender, age, educational level, type of surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, forced vital capacity and 6-minute walk test. The level of significance adopted was 5%. RESULTS: The final study sample comprised 36 patients, 20 of whom were men. Of those 36 patients, 17 were submitted to lobectomy, 10 to pneumonectomy, 6 to segmentectomy, and 3 to bilobectomy. Chemotherapy was used in 15 patients, radiotherapy in 2, and a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in 2. Improved quality of life was seen in the following domains: social (on postoperative day 90); physical/functional (some patients presenting better forced vital capacity and 6-minute walk test performance); and physical (in patients undergoing smaller resections). Lowered quality of life was seen in the following domains: social (for female patients); physical/social (resulting from radiotherapy, chemotherapy or both); and physical/functional (by postoperative day 30). CONCLUSIONS: It is important that studies evaluating the various determinants of quality of life, as well as the impact that cancer treatment modalities have on such variables, be conducted. The knowledge provided by such studies can contribute to improving the quality of life of patients undergoing pulmonary resection due to neoplasi

Pressão positiva contínua nas vias aéreas (CPAP) após ressecção pulmonar: ensaio clínico randomizado

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE:Noninvasive mechanical ventilation during the postoperative period (PO) following lung resection can restore residual functional capacity, improve oxygenation and spare the inspiratory muscles. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) associated with physiotherapy, compared with physiotherapy alone after lung resection.DESIGN AND SETTING:Open randomized clinical trial conducted in the clinical hospital of Universidade Estadual de Campinas.METHOD:Sessions were held in the immediate postoperative period (POi) and on the first and second postoperative days (PO1 and PO2), and the patients were reassessed on the discharge day. CPAP was applied for two hours and the pressure adjustment was set between 7 and 8.5 cmH2O. The oxygenation index (OI), Borg scale, pain scale and presence of thoracic drains and air losses were evaluated.RESULTS : There was a significant increase in the OI in the CPAP group in the POi compared to the Chest Physiotherapy (CP) group, P = 0.024. In the CP group the OI was significantly lower on PO1 (P = 0,042), than CPAP group. The air losses were significantly greater in the CPAP group in the POi and on PO1 (P = 0.001, P = 0.028), but there was no significant difference between the groups on PO2 and PO3. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups regarding the Borg scale in the POi (P &lt; 0.001), but there were no statistically significant differences between the groups regarding the pain score.CONCLUSION:CPAP after lung resection is safe and improves oxygenation, without increasing the air losses through the drains. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT01285648Noninvasive mechanical ventilation during the postoperative period (PO) following lung resection can restore residual functional capacity, improve oxygenation and spare the inspiratory muscles. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) associated with physiotherapy, compared with physiotherapy alone after lung resection. Open randomized clinical trial conducted in the clinical hospital of Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Sessions were held in the immediate postoperative period (POi) and on the first and second postoperative days (PO1 and PO2), and the patients were reassessed on the discharge day. CPAP was applied for two hours and the pressure adjustment was set between 7 and 8.5 cmH2O. The oxygenation index (OI), Borg scale, pain scale and presence of thoracic drains and air losses were evaluated. There was a significant increase in the OI in the CPAP group in the POi compared to the Chest Physiotherapy (CP) group, P = 0.024. In the CP group the OI was significantly lower on PO1 (P = 0,042), than CPAP group. The air losses were significantly greater in the CPAP group in the POi and on PO1 (P = 0.001, P = 0.028), but there was no significant difference between the groups on PO2 and PO3. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups regarding the Borg scale in the POi (P &lt; 0.001), but there were no statistically significant differences between the groups regarding the pain score. CPAP after lung resection is safe and improves oxygenation, without increasing the air losses through the drains13214147A ventilação mecânica não invasiva no período pós-operatório (PO) de ressecção pulmonar pode restaurar a capacidade residual funcional, melhorar a oxigenação e poupar os músculos inspiratórios. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia da CPAP associada à fisioterapia comparada à fisioterapia unicamente após ressecção pulmonar. Ensaio clínico randomizado Aberto, realizado no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Os atendimentos foram realizados nos PO imediato (POi), primeiro e segundo (PO1, PO2) dias, e a reavaliação na alta hospitalar. A CPAP foi aplicada durante duas horas e o ajuste pressórico estabelecido entre 7 e 8,5 cmH2O. Foram analisados índice de oxigenação (IO), escala de Borg e de dor, presença e perda aérea dos drenos torácicos. No grupo CPAP ocorreu aumento significativo do IO no POi (P = 0,024), comparado com o grupo fisioterapia respiratória. Houve redução significativa do IO no PO1 (P = 0,042) para o grupo fisioterapia respiratória, comparando-se à CPAP. A perda aérea foi significativamente maior para o grupo CPAP no POi e PO1 (0,001; 0,028), mas nos PO2 e no PO3 não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos. Foi verificada diferença significativa entre os grupos para a escala de Borg no POi (P < 0,001), porém para a escala de dor não foram verificadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos. A CPAP após ressecção pulmonar é segura e melhora a oxigenação sem aumentar a perda aérea pelos drenos

Bronchoscopy for foreign body removal: where is the delay?

This was a retrospective analysis of the medical charts of 145 patients treated at the Bronchoscopy and Thoracic Surgery Clinic of the Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (HC-Unicamp, State University of Campinas Hospital das Clínicas) over a period of 10 years. There was a significant difference related to the site of first medical visit (Unicamp-HC versus other institutions) in terms of the time elapsed between the suspicion of bronchial aspiration and the actual respiratory endoscopic examination. However, no significant difference was found in the rate of positive results. The low number of referral centers that provide emergency respiratory endoscopy can negatively influence the treatment of patients under suspicion of bronchial aspiration, jeopardizing the overall recovery in the mid- and long-term.Analisaram-se retrospectivamente os prontuários de 145 doentes admitidos no Serviço de Broncoscopia e Cirurgia Torácica do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (HC-Unicamp) num período de 10 anos. Houve diferença estatística relacionada com o local de consulta inicial (HC-Unicamp versus outros serviços) em termos do tempo gasto desde a suspeita de broncoaspiração até a realização do exame endoscópico respiratório. No entanto, não houve diferença significativa entre o índice de positividade do exame. O baixo número de centros de referência para endoscopia respiratória de urgência pode influenciar negativamente no atendimento a doentes com suspeita de broncoaspiração, piorando a evolução em médio e longo prazo3411956958This was a retrospective analysis of the medical charts of 145 patients treated at the Bronchoscopy and Thoracic Surgery Clinic of the Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (HC-Unicamp, State University of Campinas Hospital das Clínicas) over a period of 10 years. There was a significant difference related to the site of first medical visit (Unicamp-HC versus other institutions) in terms of the time elapsed between the suspicion of bronchial aspiration and the actual respiratory endoscopic examination. However, no significant difference was found in the rate of positive results. The low number of referral centers that provide emergency respiratory endoscopy can negatively influence the treatment of patients under suspicion of bronchial aspiration, jeopardizing the overall recovery in the mid- and long-ter

Pre-hospital chest drainage: presention one-way valve mechanism

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to present an one-way valve mechanism to replace the underwater seal for pleural drainage, currently used in the prehospital attendance, as well as document preliminary results of its initial use at SAMUCampinas/ SP/Brasil. METHODS: Twenty two pleural drains with the valve were carried out, all of these in prehospital environment, in patients who suffered thoracic trauma or spontaneous pneumothorax, in a prospective not randomized trial. RESULTS: The total volume output drained through the valve ranged from 0 to 1500 ml, mean 700 &plusmn; 87,4 ml, in an average time lag of 18 minutes (&plusmn; 1,1 minutes - ranging from 8 to 26 minutes). The initial and final cardiac frequency was 120 &plusmn; 2,7 bpm and 100 &plusmn; 2 bpm (p 0,00), respectively , whereas the initial respiratory frequency was 24 &plusmn; 0,8 ipm and the final was 15 &plusmn; 0,3 ipm (p 0,03). Only two mechanical failures were registered, one of which was corrected by the substitution of the defective valve, showing a 95,4% success ratio. CONCLUSION: Taking into account the initial and final physical examination, as well as the output quantification, it can be concluded that the valve is efficient and functional, and safe in the pre-hospital emergencies.O objetivo do presente estudo é apresentar um mecanismo de válvula unidirecional para substituição do selo de água na drenagem pleural tubular fechada, em ambiente pré-hospitalar, bem como registrar os resultados de seu uso inicial no SAMU-Campinas/SP/Brasil. MÉTODO: Foram realizadas 22 (vinte e duas) drenagens pleurais com válvula em doentes vítimas de traumatismo ou pneumotórax espontâneo, todos em ambiente pré-hospitalar, de forma prospectiva, não randomizada. RESULTADOS: O débito total de líquidos através da válvula variou de zero a 1500 ml, com média de 700 &plusmn; 87,4 ml, para um tempo de percurso em média de 18 &plusmn; 1,1 minutos, variando de 8 a 26 minutos. A frequência cardíaca inicial foi 120 &plusmn; 2,7 bpm e final de 100 &plusmn; 2 bpm (p 0,00) e a frequência respiratória inicial foi 24 &plusmn; 0,8 ipm e o valor final foi de 15 &plusmn; 0,3 ipm (p 0,03). Houve apenas duas falhas mecânicas do sistema e uma foi corrigida pela substituição da mesma, trazudindo num índice de sucesso de 95,4% neste trabalho. CONCLUSÃO: Levando em conta exame físico inicial com o exame físico final, bem como pela quantificação de débitos, concluímos que a válvula mostrou-se eficiente e funcionante, e que é segura para o uso em urgências pré-hospitalares.BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to present an one-way valve mechanism to replace the underwater seal for pleural drainage, currently used in the prehospital attendance, as well as document preliminary results of its initial use at SAMUCampinas/ SP/Brasil. METHODS: Twenty two pleural drains with the valve were carried out, all of these in prehospital environment, in patients who suffered thoracic trauma or spontaneous pneumothorax, in a prospective not randomized trial. RESULTS: The total volume output drained through the valve ranged from 0 to 1500 ml, mean 700 &plusmn; 87,4 ml, in an average time lag of 18 minutes (&plusmn; 1,1 minutes - ranging from 8 to 26 minutes). The initial and final cardiac frequency was 120 &plusmn; 2,7 bpm and 100 &plusmn; 2 bpm (p 0,00), respectively , whereas the initial respiratory frequency was 24 &plusmn; 0,8 ipm and the final was 15 &plusmn; 0,3 ipm (p 0,03). Only two mechanical failures were registered, one of which was corrected by the substitution of the defective valve, showing a 95,4% success ratio. CONCLUSION: Taking into account the initial and final physical examination, as well as the output quantification, it can be concluded that the valve is efficient and functional, and safe in the pre-hospital emergencies332101106The purpose of this study is to present an one-way valve mechanism to replace the underwater seal for pleural drainage, currently used in the prehospital attendance, as well as document preliminary results of its initial use at SAMUCampinas/ SP/Brasil. METHODS: Twenty two pleural drains with the valve were carried out, all of these in prehospital environment, in patients who suffered thoracic trauma or spontaneous pneumothorax, in a prospective not randomized trial. RESULTS: The total volume output drained through the valve ranged from 0 to 1500 ml, mean 700 &plusmn; 87,4 ml, in an average time lag of 18 minutes (&plusmn; 1,1 minutes - ranging from 8 to 26 minutes). The initial and final cardiac frequency was 120 &plusmn; 2,7 bpm and 100 &plusmn; 2 bpm (p 0,00), respectively , whereas the initial respiratory frequency was 24 &plusmn; 0,8 ipm and the final was 15 &plusmn; 0,3 ipm (p 0,03). Only two mechanical failures were registered, one of which was corrected by the substitution of the defective valve, showing a 95,4% success ratio. CONCLUSION: Taking into account the initial and final physical examination, as well as the output quantification, it can be concluded that the valve is efficient and functional, and safe in the pre-hospital emergencie

Clinical variables of preoperative risk in thoracic surgery

CONTEXT: Pulmonary complications are the most common forms of postoperative morbidity in thoracic surgery, especially atelectasis and pneumonia. The first step in avoiding these complications during the postoperative period is to detect the patients that may develop them. OBJECTIVE: To identify risk variables leading to early postoperative pulmonary complications in thoracic surgery. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. PATIENTS: 145 patients submitted to elective surgery were classified as low, moderate and high risk for postoperative pulmonary complications using a risk assessment scale. PROCEDURES: The patients were followed up for 72 hours after the operation. Postoperative pulmonary complications were defined as atelectasis, pneumonia, tracheobronchitis, wheezing, prolonged intubation and/or prolonged mechanical ventilation. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Univariate analysis was applied in order to study these independent variables: age, nutritional status, body mass index, respiratory disease, smoking habit, spirometry and surgery duration. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed in order to evaluate the relationship between independent and dependent variables. RESULTS: The incidence of postoperative complications was 18.6%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the variables increasing the chances of postoperative pulmonary complications were wheezing (odds ratio, OR = 6.2), body mass index (OR = 1.15), smoking (OR = 1.04) and surgery duration (OR = 1.007). CONCLUSION: Wheezing, body mass index, smoking and surgery duration increase the chances of postoperative pulmonary complications in thoracic surgeryCONTEXTO: As complicações pulmonares pós-operatórias, principalmente a pneumonia e atelectasia, têm sido freqüentes causas de morbidade nas cirurgias torácicas. Há interesse em se identificar fatores no processo de avaliação pré-operatória que possam, isoladamente ou associados, contribuir para o aparecimento de tais complicações. OBJETIVO: Identificar as variáveis de risco para complicação pulmonar pós-operatórias na cirurgia torácica. TIPO DE ESTUDO: Estudo prospectivo. LOCAL: Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas PARTICIPANTES: 145 pacientes adultos, ambos os sexos, internados para cirurgia torácica eletiva e classificados em baixo, moderado e alto risco para complicação pulmonar pós-operatória utilizando-se uma escala de avaliação de risco. PROCEDIMENTO: Os pacientes foram acompanhados até as 72 horas do pós-operatório e avaliados quanto ao aparecimento de complicações pulmonares pós-operatória, definidas com o aparecimento de atelectasia, pneumonia, traqueobronquite, chiado, intubação ou ventilação mecânica prolongada. VARIÁVEIS ESTUDADAS: A análise univariada foi aplicada no estudo das variáveis independentes idade, estado nutricional, doença respiratória, hábitos tabágicos, espirometria e tempo cirúrgico. A análise dos resultados através da regressão logística multivariada mostrou relação entre as variáveis dependentes e independentes. RESULTADOS: As complicações pulmonares pós-operatórias incidiram sobre 18.6% da amostra. Através da regressão logística multivariada, verificou-se que as variáveis que aumentaram as chances de complicações pulmonar pós-operatórias foram chiado (Odds ratio, OR = 6.2), estado nutricional (OR = 1.15), tabagismo (OR = 1.04) e duração da cirurgia (OR = 1.007). CONCLUSÃO: Chiado, estado nutricional, tabagismo e duração da cirurgia aumentaram a ocorrência de complicações pulmonares pós-operatórias em cirurgia torácica.10711

Simvastatin attenuates neutrophil recruitment in one-lung ventilation model in rats

PURPOSE: To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of simvastatin in rats undergoing one-lung ventilation (OLV) followed by lung re-expansion. METHODS: Male Wistar rats (n=30) were submitted to 1-h OLV followed by 1-h lung re-expansion. Treated group received simvastatin (40 mg/kg for 21 days) previous to OLV protocol. Control group received no treatment or surgical/ventilation interventions. Measurements of pulmonary myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, pulmonary protein extravasation, and serum levels of cytokines and C-reactive protein (CRP) were performed. RESULTS: OLV significantly increased the MPO activity in the collapsed and continuously ventilated lungs (31% and 52% increase, respectively) compared with control (p<0.05). Treatment with simvastatin significantly reduced the MPO activity in the continuously ventilated lung but had no effect on lung edema after OLV. The serum IL-6 and CRP levels were markedly higher in OLV group, but simvastatin treatment failed to affect the production of these inflammatory markers. Serum levels of IL-1&#946;, TNF-&#945; and IL-10 remained below the detection limit in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: In an experimental one-lung ventilation model pre-operative treatment with simvastatin reduces remote neutrophil infiltration in the continuously ventilated lung. Our findings suggest that simvastatin may be of therapeutic value in OLV-induced pulmonary inflammation deserving clinical investigations.To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of simvastatin in rats undergoing one-lung ventilation (OLV) followed by lung re-expansion. METHODS: Male Wistar rats (n=30) were submitted to 1-h OLV followed by 1-h lung re-expansion. Treated group received simvastatin (40 mg/kg for 21 days) previous to OLV protocol. Control group received no treatment or surgical/ventilation interventions. Measurements of pulmonary myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, pulmonary protein extravasation, and serum levels of cytokines and C-reactive protein (CRP) were performed. RESULTS: OLV significantly increased the MPO activity in the collapsed and continuously ventilated lungs (31% and 52% increase, respectively) compared with control (p<0.05). Treatment with simvastatin significantly reduced the MPO activity in the continuously ventilated lung but had no effect on lung edema after OLV. The serum IL-6 and CRP levels were markedly higher in OLV group, but simvastatin treatment failed to affect the production of these inflammatory markers. Serum levels of IL-1&#946;, TNF-&#945; and IL-10 remained below the detection limit in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: In an experimental one-lung ventilation model pre-operative treatment with simvastatin reduces remote neutrophil infiltration in the continuously ventilated lung. Our findings suggest that simvastatin may be of therapeutic value in OLV-induced pulmonary inflammation deserving clinical investigations28424525