Pre‐adaptation and adaptation shape trait‐environment matching in the Neotropics

This is the final version. Available from Wiley via the DOI in this record. Phylogenetic data (BEAST configuration file, MCC tree and posterior set of trees), trait, environment, and occurrence data, and R script to extract trait data from monographs can be found in the supplementary files in Dryad repository: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vhhmgqnzq.Aim: Functional traits shape the distribution of taxa across environments. However, it remains unclear whether trait and environmental niche evolution are correlated, and what happened first: trait change facilitating environment shifts (pre-adaptation) or environmental change leading to trait change (adaptation). We focus on a species-rich Neotropical legume radiation to shed light on this enigma. Location: Neotropics. Time Period: Cenozoic. Major Taxa Studied: Fabaceae: Papilionoidae: Swartzia. Methods: We assembled leaflet, fruit and petal size data from monographs and herbarium collections for 86 to 96% of the c. 180 Swartzia species, inferred a dated Swartzia phylogenetic tree from existing DNA sequences covering 38% of the species and integrated these with distribution, soil and climate data. We used phylogenetic linear regression to quantify trait–environment relationships and applied comparative methods to evaluate modes of correlated evolution between traits and environments. Results: Leaflet and petal size were strongly linked to climate, while fruit size was not associated with climate or soil characteristics. Evolutionary transitions to relatively low rainfall and low temperature environments were conditional on the evolution of small leaflets, whereas transitions to wet and warm environments were preceded by the evolution of larger leaflets. In contrast, transitions to the warmest or coldest environments were followed, rather than preceded, by petal loss. Main Conclusion: Our results show that the macroevolution of functional traits has influenced the broad-scale distribution of Swartzia across Neotropical rainforest, seasonally dry, montane and inundated habitats. We suggest that trait evolution is conditional on environmental change but both pre-adaptive and adaptive processes may occur. These processes are important to understand the distribution of diversity at both regional (e.g. Amazonia) and global biogeographical scales.German Research Foundation (DFG

Re-evaluating the evolutionary and taxonomic significance of morphological innovations in the trans-Pacific tropical tree genus Ormosia (Fabaceae)

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Updates to the taxonomy of Swartzia (Leguminosae) in extra-Amazonian Brazil, with descriptions of five new species and a regional key to the genus

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)In advance of an updated monographic revision of Swartzia (Leguminosae), we discuss the taxonomy of the genus in extra-Amazonian Brazil and present descriptions of five new species. All of the new species are narrowly distributed in eastern Brazil in threatened Atlantic wet forest and coastal scrub habitats. Four of them-S. alagoensis, S. arenophila, S. revoluta, and S. submontana -belong to the diverse and taxonomically challenging section Acutifoliae, which has undergone extensive evolutionary radiation in the region. The fifth, S. thomasii, is a member of the otherwise Amazonian section Glabriplantae and is only subtly distinct from the Amazonian species S. reticulata. The new species and other recent additions to the genus are incorporated in a key to the species of Swartzia of extra-Amazonian Brazil.642119138National Science Foundation [DEB-0309162, DEB-0918498]Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)National Science Foundation [DEB-0309162, DEB-0918498]CNPq [312766/2009-2

A Taxonomic Revision of Mucuna (Fabaceae: Papilionoideae: Phaseoleae) in Brazil

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)In advance of a comprehensive systematic study of New World Mucuna, we provide a taxonomic revision of the species of Mucuna that occur in Brazil. A new species, Mucuna analucianae, endemic to eastern and central Brazil, is described and illustrated. Mucuna huberi is designated as a synonym of M. elliptica, and a lectotype for M. elliptica is chosen. Mucuna pluricostata is considered to be a synonym of M. pruriens, and a lectotype for M. pluricostata is chosen. Mucuna eriocarpa is excluded from the genus. We recognize seven species of Mucuna in Brazil, only two of which are endemic to the country. Two of the seven species are assessed as endangered (EN) according to IUCN criteria.383631637Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)FAEPEX/UNICAMP [43211, 146612]The New York Botanical GardenMissouri Botanical GardensCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)CAPES [4627-11-3]CNPq [563550/20104]FAPESP [2010/52488-9, 2012/04635-8]FAPERJ [E-26/110.331/2012]FAEPEX/UNICAMP [43211, 146612

A New Species of Mucuna (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae-Phaseoleae) from Costa Rica and Panama

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)A new species of Mucuna from Costa Rica and Panama is described and illustrated. Mucuna monticola is mainly known from the highlands of the Cordilleras of Guanacaste, Tilaran, Central and Talamanca in Costa Rica, and in Panama in particular from the Chiriqui area. It is superficially similar to Mucuna mutisiana and M. killipiana, but it differs from both in multiple aspects of its morphology and is unique among Neotropical Mucuna in its pod, which is larger and longer with conspicuous irregular lamellae or reticulate-ridged, not constricted between the seeds.6018Rupert Barneby Award of The New York Botanical GardenFAEPEX/UNICAMP [43211]Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)FAEPEX/UNICAMP [43211]FAPERJ [E-26/110.331/2012]CAPES [4627-11-3