4 research outputs found
Manipulating Adipose Tissue Fatty Acid Oxidation to Reduce Fatness in Broiler Chickens
Compared to rodents, broiler chickens, those reared for meat, are an attractive model for studies of adipose biology, and obesity development in children. The broiler chicken lacks the gene for uncoupling protein 1, the hallmark for brown adipose tissue making them a useful model to study lipid metabolism in white adipocytes. Two studies were performed to investigate if white adipose tissue had the metabolic ability for fatty acid oxidation (FAO), and to investigate the effects of dietary fatty acids on abdominal fat development of young broiler chickens as a model for childhood obesity. In study one, chickens were fasted for three, five, and seven hours. Afterwards, the oxidative flux from the citric acid cycle, and the citrate synthase enzyme activity were measured in white adipose tissue. In study two, young Cobb500 broilers, from age seven to 21 days, were fed isocaloric diets prepared using lard (primarily saturated), corn oil (primarily monounsaturated), flaxseed oil (enriched in alpha linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3, n-3)), or fish oil (enriched in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5, n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6, n-3)), at 8% fat by weight. Physical characteristics, abdominal adipocyte histology, and abdominal adipose tissue gene expression profiles were altered due to dietary fatty acids. Collectively our studies confirm that white adipose tissue has the capacity to increase local FAO by increasing expression of key regulatory enzymes and proteins. Further, by altering the type of fatty acids consumed during childhood, adipose deposition and adipocyte size can be attenuated. These data confirm that FAO can be induced locally in white adipose tissue, dietary long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids promote reduced adipocyte size, and finally that these data could offer new therapeutic targets to reduce fatness in chickens and children
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Ex-vivo Characterization of the Lipolytic Response of Mouse Adipose Tissue to Endocrine Stimuli
Fasting improves insulin sensitivity by increasing cellular uptake of glucose which affects lipolysis. To better characterize the endocrine function of visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) an ex-vivo model using tissue explants from fasted and non-fasted DBA/2J mice was tested. Endocrine stimulators used were B-adrenergic (BA), isopreternol, and adenylyl cyclase (AC), forskoline, receptor stimulators. Lipolysis was measured by non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and glycerol concentrations in media. With isopreternol, fasted mice showed a more than 10- fold increase in NEFA secretion than non-fasted mice; BA pathway increased lipolysis significantly more than AC stimulation in mouse WAT. Together, these findings indicate that hormones play a major role in WAT lipolytic function
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Transgenic Animals
This project examines the controversial topic of transgenic animals, and weighs its effects on society from both ethical and legal standpoints. It first focuses on the technology itself by describing how transgenic animals are developed, screened, and categorized in chapters-1 and 2. Then the transgenic controversy is discussed in Chapters-3 and 4 with ethics and legalities. From education, to medicine and industry, transgenic animal research has had an enormous impact on society. Based on the research performed for the project, the authors provide their own conclusions about this fascinating technology and whether it should continue
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The Flesh-Eating Bacteria: Necrotizing Fasciitis
https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/gps-posters/1179/thumbnail.jp