Animal feeds on the Federation

An Occasional Paper on animal feed nutrition in the then Federation of Rhodesia & Nyasaland.A knowledge of the nutritive value of feeds is essential for correct and economical feeding of farm stock. In countries where the science of agriculture has been practised for a century or more a vast amount of data has accumulated and from this reliable values have been obtained for the animal feeds in use. In the tropics the study of animal nutrition is a relatively new subject and most of the information available about local feeding stuff's is based on chemical analysis. This is true in the Federation, although a few digestibility trials with animals have been carried out. It is well known that without digestibility data chemical analysis can only provide approximate values

Employment Services Utilization and Outcomes among Substance Abusing Offenders Participating in California’s Proposition 36 Drug Treatment Initiative

California drug treatment programs may use funds to address barriers to work faced by Proposition 36 offenders, most of whom are not working at treatment entry, but employment services utilization and related behavioral outcomes have never been studied. This study examined primary data collected on 1,453 offenders by 30 programs during 2004 to explore the characteristics, employment services utilization, and outcomes of those who did and did not receive employment services while in drug treatment. One-year outcomes were mostly similar across groups, however, increases in the proportion of offenders employed, receiving income from employment and family or friends, and being paid for work were significantly greater among the received-employment-services group, and a greater proportion of this group also completed drug treatment. Employment services utilization was less likely for persons recruited from outpatient settings and more likely with greater severity of family/social problems and desire for services. Odds of employment one-year post-treatment entry were higher for those of Hispanic race/ethnicity (vs. White) and for those with treatment completion/longer retention but lower for those who were older, lived in specific counties, had greater employment problem severity at intake, and received other income-related services. Strategies for improving employment services utilization and outcomes among Proposition 36 offenders are discussed

Animal Science in Zimbabwe: Strategies and Solutions

Animal Science involves a scientific understanding of farm livestock. The subject is made up of a number of scientific disciplines such as nutrition, genetics, physiology and a few others such as microbiology, which are of lesser importance but which are increasing in relevance. It is acceptable therefore, to teach and review Animal Science by considering each of these disciplines. Unfortunately, this treatment of the subject may well mask wholly or partially important interactions between the disciplines although an attempt will be made to discuss those of the greatest importance. An alternative way to write a comprehensive review is to base it on type of livestock, viz. beef cattle, dairy cattle, pigs, etc. (Ndlovu, 1994a) so this approach is also incorporated in this paper. The Zimbabwe Science News Volume 33(2) April – July 1999, pp. 35-4

METRICS: a pattern language of scholarship in medical education

Scholarly activity in health professions education has been growing steadily but despite the broad interest, quite what is considered to be scholarly activity in medical education has remained vague. Boyer’s classes of scholarly activity (Boyer 1990) and Glassick et al.’s criteria required of an artefact to render it scholarly (Glassick et al. 1997) have been widely discussed. While the Glassick model has helped to define to what scholarly activity should be, we have found the Boyer model of what kinds of activity count as scholarship is lacking. We have developed the METRICS model of scholarly activity in medical education that maps more directly to scholarly activities. Metascholarship - activities that reflect on the nature of scholarship; Evaluation - activities that measure value or axiology; Translation - activities that move findings or practices from one domain to another; Research - activities that focus on theory generation or testing (experimental, descriptive or explanatory); Innovation - activities that focus on creating new ideas, objects and practices; Conceptual - activities that explore or develop new models, concepts, and paradigms; Synthesis - activities that focus on the integration of existing knowledge and practice. Having built the METRICS model and tested it extensively in our own practice, we now seek to engage others in its use and appraisal

Response of wether lambs to implantation with trenbolone acetate combined with oestradiol-17β at two levels of dietary protein

International audienc