A case control study on s. uric acid and s. creatinine level in pre-eclampsia patients of a tertiary care hospital in Jabalpur district of Central India

Background: Pre-eclampsia is a multisystem disorder of pregnancy which is characterized by hypertension with proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation in previously normotensive and non proteinuric pregnant women. Pre-eclampsia associated with intrauterine growth retardation, preterm birth, maternal and perinatal death. Serum creatinine and uric acid has been shown to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of the disease and often precede clinical manifestations. This study compares the serum creatinine and uric acid in pre -eclampsia case and normal pregnant women and to assess its role in pre-eclampsia.Methods: 158 patients of which 79 pre-eclampsia (cases) and 79 (controls) were selected randomly and were matched with their gestational age in patient who Attending ANC clinic at Department of Obstretics and Gynecology in March 2016 to August 2017. Lipid profile was estimated by the Randox imola is a compact fully automated clinical chemistry analyser.Results: Authors observed that pre-eclampsia is more common in young age pregnant women with low socioeconomic status with strenuous activities. The mean age was 24.51±3.707 years. The mean serum creatinine and urice acid value is analysed in pre-eclampia cases and compared with control group showing significantly increase (p<0.0001).Conclusions: Young age, nullyparity, low socio economic status specially labour occupation, with derangment of Serum creatinine in pregnant women were found to be more prone to develop pre-eclampsia. Proper history tacking, examination and estimation of serum creatinine and uric acid may be helpful for early diagnosis and management of pre–eclampsia in order to prevent fetal and maternal complications especially in nulliparous women

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on routine immunization of under 5 children in Jabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh. A descriptive cross-sectional study

Background The WHO (world health organization) announced COVID-19 pandemic as public health emergency of international concern on January 2020. This pandemic has declined the acceptance of pediatric preventive care, like immunization coverage among under 5 children. This was because of total lockdown and fear among beneficiary and engagement of health care workers with different task related to pandemic. The aim of this study was to find out the routine immunization status of under five children registered in urban and rural anganwadis in pre and during COVID-19 pandemic

A case control study on s. uric acid and s. creatinine level in pre-eclampsia patients of a tertiary care hospital in Jabalpur district of Central India

Background: Pre-eclampsia is a multisystem disorder of pregnancy which is characterized by hypertension with proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation in previously normotensive and non proteinuric pregnant women. Pre-eclampsia associated with intrauterine growth retardation, preterm birth, maternal and perinatal death. Serum creatinine and uric acid has been shown to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of the disease and often precede clinical manifestations. This study compares the serum creatinine and uric acid in pre -eclampsia case and normal pregnant women and to assess its role in pre-eclampsia.Methods: 158 patients of which 79 pre-eclampsia (cases) and 79 (controls) were selected randomly and were matched with their gestational age in patient who Attending ANC clinic at Department of Obstretics and Gynecology in March 2016 to August 2017. Lipid profile was estimated by the Randox imola is a compact fully automated clinical chemistry analyser.Results: Authors observed that pre-eclampsia is more common in young age pregnant women with low socioeconomic status with strenuous activities. The mean age was 24.51±3.707 years. The mean serum creatinine and urice acid value is analysed in pre-eclampia cases and compared with control group showing significantly increase (p&lt;0.0001).Conclusions: Young age, nullyparity, low socio economic status specially labour occupation, with derangment of Serum creatinine in pregnant women were found to be more prone to develop pre-eclampsia. Proper history tacking, examination and estimation of serum creatinine and uric acid may be helpful for early diagnosis and management of pre–eclampsia in order to prevent fetal and maternal complications especially in nulliparous women

A study of malnutrition and associated risk factors among children of age 06-59 months in rural area of Jabalpur district, Madhya Pradesh

Background: “Malnutrition is a silent emergency”. Malnutrition is not only an important cause of childhood mortality and morbidity, but also leads to permanent impairment of both physical and mental growth of those who survive. Aims &amp; Objectives: To determine the prevalence of malnutrition and association with various risk factors among children of age 06-59 months in rural area of Jabalpur district Madhya Pradesh. Material and Methods: Study was conducted among 517 children of age group 06-59 months in two randomly selected blocks of Jabalpur District.&nbsp; Multistage random sampling technique was used. Predesigned questionnaire was used to collect data and anthropometric measurements were done. Data analysis was done using Epi Info™ 7.1.5 and SPSS 20.0 (free trial version). Result: The prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting were found to be 35.8%, 41.4% and 19.7% respectively while the prevalence of obese and overweight was 2.7% &amp; 5.6% respectively. Children born with low birth weight, having higher birth order, more number of siblings, those with incomplete immunization status and inappropriate feeding practices were associated with malnutrition. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates the multiple risk factors for childhood malnutrition requiring multisectoral approach to fight against this silent killer

A study of malnutrition and associated risk factors among children of age 06-59 months in rural area of Jabalpur district, Madhya Pradesh

Background: “Malnutrition is a silent emergency”. Malnutrition is not only an important cause of childhood mortality and morbidity, but also leads to permanent impairment of both physical and mental growth of those who survive. Aims & Objectives: To determine the prevalence of malnutrition and association with various risk factors among children of age 06-59 months in rural area of Jabalpur district Madhya Pradesh. Material and Methods: Study was conducted among 517 children of age group 06-59 months in two randomly selected blocks of Jabalpur District.  Multistage random sampling technique was used. Predesigned questionnaire was used to collect data and anthropometric measurements were done. Data analysis was done using Epi Info™ 7.1.5 and SPSS 20.0 (free trial version). Result: The prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting were found to be 35.8%, 41.4% and 19.7% respectively while the prevalence of obese and overweight was 2.7% & 5.6% respectively. Children born with low birth weight, having higher birth order, more number of siblings, those with incomplete immunization status and inappropriate feeding practices were associated with malnutrition. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates the multiple risk factors for childhood malnutrition requiring multisectoral approach to fight against this silent killer

Prevalence of hypertension and associated cardiovascular risk factors in Central India

Objectives: To study the difference in the prevalence of hypertension and associated risk factors in urban and rural populations and the association of hypertension with various determinants. Materials and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 48 villages and 15 urban wards of Jabalpur District of Central India. Nine hundred and thirty-nine individuals aged 20 years and above (624 from rural areas and 315 from urban areas) were included in the study. The prevalence of hypertension and associated cardiovascular risk factors was assessed in the urban and rural populations. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic, behavioral, and dietary factors. Anthropometric measurements of weight, height, waist and hip circumference, and blood pressure measurements were taken using the standard methodology. The glucose oxidase-peroxidase and cholesterol oxidase-cholesterol peroxidase methods were used to measure plasma glucose and serum cholesterol, respectively. Bivariate analysis was followed by multivariate analysis to detect the odds of getting hypertension with various risk factors for the urban and rural populations separately. Hypertension was defined as per Joint National Committee (JNC) - VII criteria. Results: The response rate was 97%. Overall prevalence of hypertension was 17%, with 21.4% in the urban population and 14.8% in the rural population. Significantly higher mean values of weight, height, body mass index (BMI), hip circumference (HC), waist circumference (WC), waist hip ratio (WHR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and serum cholesterol levels were mapped in the urban population in comparison with the rural population. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified increasing age, parental history of hypertension, tobacco smoking, tobacco chewing, physical inactivity, high estimated per capita salt consumption, and BMI ≥27.5 kg/m 2 as independent predictors for hypertension in the urban population, while in the rural population, increasing age, physical inactivity, central obesity, tobacco chewing and tobacco smoking were independent predictors for hypertension. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors was high in both urban and rural communities. Therefore, there is a need for comprehensive health promotion programs to encourage lifestyle modification

Amebicidal effects of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) against Acanthamoeba cysts

Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (TF) is known to the public as a chest emollient, mucous expectorant, laxative and is used to prevent maturation of boils and diabetes since ancient times. In this study, we aimed to determine the amebicidal effects against Acanthamoeba cysts. Plant extracts were prepared at concentrations of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 mg/ml and were placed in a hemocytometer with cell counts 22 x 10(6) cell/ml. The fatty acid profiles of TF seeds were determined. Standard Acanthamoeba cysts were added and incubated at 25 degrees C. The viability of the parasite was checked and recorded at hours 3, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 102. The values of lethal concentration doses (LD50 and LD90) were calculated using probit analysis. This study revealed that T. foenum-graecum prevented proliferation of the parasite at certain times. However, further for in vivo and controlled experimental studies are needed in order to find out how to use this plant as medication

Estimation of tuberculosis incidence at subnational level using three methods to monitor progress towards ending TB in India, 2015–2020

Objectives We verified subnational (state/union territory (UT)/district) claims of achievements in reducing tuberculosis (TB) incidence in 2020 compared with 2015, in India.Design A community-based survey, analysis of programme data and anti-TB drug sales and utilisation data.Setting National TB Elimination Program and private TB treatment settings in 73 districts that had filed a claim to the Central TB Division of India for progress towards TB-free status.Participants Each district was divided into survey units (SU) and one village/ward was randomly selected from each SU. All household members in the selected village were interviewed. Sputum from participants with a history of anti-TB therapy (ATT), those currently experiencing chest symptoms or on ATT were tested using Xpert/Rif/TrueNat. The survey continued until 30 Mycobacterium tuberculosis cases were identified in a district.Outcome measures We calculated a direct estimate of TB incidence based on incident cases identified in the survey. We calculated an under-reporting factor by matching these cases within the TB notification system. The TB notification adjusted for this factor was the estimate by the indirect method. We also calculated TB incidence from drug sale data in the private sector and drug utilisation data in the public sector. We compared the three estimates of TB incidence in 2020 with TB incidence in 2015.Results The estimated direct incidence ranged from 19 (Purba Medinipur, West Bengal) to 1457 (Jaintia Hills, Meghalaya) per 100 000 population. Indirect estimates of incidence ranged between 19 (Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli) and 788 (Dumka, Jharkhand) per 100 000 population. The incidence using drug sale data ranged from 19 per 100 000 population in Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli to 651 per 100 000 population in Centenary, Maharashtra.Conclusion TB incidence in 1 state, 2 UTs and 35 districts had declined by at least 20% since 2015. Two districts in India were declared TB free in 2020