Evaluating the efficacy of a Mycobacterium bovis vaccine in feral swine

2017 Fall.Includes bibliographical references.Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a globally significant zoonotic disease caused primarily by Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) transmission between wildlife, domestic livestock, and humans. Unfortunately in wildlife reservoirs of bTB, disease rates are increasing worldwide due to ecological dynamics and challenges in wildlife management. Despite effective, long-standing M. bovis eradication programs in the US, expanding wildlife reservoir habitat and importation of people, animals, and products from the Mexican dairy industry have become sources of zoonotic bTB infection. Currently, no tuberculosis vaccine is labeled for use in animals, although a vaccine could provide a new tool in preventing bTB in wildlife and domestic livestock. Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), a live, attenuated M. bovis strain vaccine used for tuberculosis prevention in humans has been variably effective in reducing bTB development in studies on various species. We hypothesize that Texas-origin feral swine vaccinated orally with either modified-live BCG or inactivated M. bovis vaccine will have fewer, less severe lesions than non-vaccinated feral swine after virulent M. bovis challenge. In this study we test this hypothesis along with the immunologic response to vaccination and infection by measuring antibody levels in vaccinated and unvaccinated swine. Our results demonstrate that vaccination with BCG or inactivated strains of M. bovis do not confer protection against infectious challenge with a virulent Michigan strain of M. bovis

Multiculturalism as an Alternative to Nihilism in Jamaica Kincaid's The Autobiography of My Mother and Sam Selvon's The Lonely Londoners

This thesis analyzes how internal oppression, or nihilism, has emerged amongst many of the Caricom community. It focuses on the history of colonialism and the psychological destruction it has left across the Caribbean. The author suggests that multicultural texts are the first step in eliminating this type of nihilism, with the focus on two novels The Autobiography of My Mother and The Lonely Londoners.M.A

In Vitro Expression of Full-Length and Truncated Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus G Proteins and Their Antibody Responses in BALB/c Mice

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is a primary cause of lower respiratory tract disease in calves. Protection is incomplete following vaccination or natural infection, as re-infections are common. The objectives of this study were to create plasmid DNA constructs encoding the full-length, secreted, or conserved region of the BRSV G glycoprotein, and to compare and evaluate their expression in cell culture and potential to induce antibody responses in BALB/c mice. Transfection of COS-7 cells with plasmid DNA resulted in expression of the BRSV G region from each of the plasmid DNA constructs. Following inoculation of BALB/c mice with plasmid DNA, a significant and equivalent anti-BRSV G IgG response was elicited to the full-length and truncated BRSV G proteins. These constructs may be used to study host pathological and immunological responses

Consider the Lilies

Is not the life more than meat and the body than raiment;Behold! the fowls of the air, for they sow not, neither do they reap nor gather into barns;yet your Heavenly Father feedeth them. Consider the lilies of the field how they grow they toil notneither do they spin they toil not neither do they spinAnd yet I say unto you I say unto you that even Solomon in all his glory Was not arrayed like one of theseConsider the lillies how they growConsider the lillies how they grow they toil not, they toil not,neither do they spin, yet I say unto you,Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed,was not arrayed, like one of thesewas not arrayed, was not arrayed like one of these, and yet I say unto you, Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed, was not arrayed,was not arrayed like one of theselike one of these, like one of these

Monitoring fitness of horses by heart rate

The Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service periodically issues revisions to its publications. The most current edition is made available. For access to an earlier edition, if available for this title, please contact the Oklahoma State University Library Archives by email at [email protected] or by phone at 405-744-6311

Effects of Youth Tobacco Access and Possession Policy Interventions on Heavy Adolescent Smokers

This study evaluated the effects of tobacco PUP (Purchase, Use and Possession) laws on tobacco use patterns among students in twenty-four towns, which were randomly assigned into an experimental and a control group. The experimental group involved both PUP law enforcement and reducing minors’ access to commercial sources of tobacco, and the condition for the control group involved only efforts to reduce minors’ access to commercial sources of tobacco. The present study found that adolescents in the control group had a significantly greater increase in the percentage of youth who smoked 20 or more cigarettes per day when compared to the experimental group

In Vitro And in Vivo Translational Efficiencies of the 5′ Untranslated Region from Eight Genotype 2 Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Field Isolates

We determined the in vitro and in vivo translational efficiency mediated by the internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) from eight BVDV2 field isolates varying in virulence using a bicistronic reporter vector in rabbit reticulocyte lysates (RRL), and in primate and bovine cell lines. Using a T7-promoter system, the high virulence isolates had greater translational efficiencies in bovine lymphocytes (BL-3 cells), than did the low virulence isolates. The low virulence isolates translated with greater efficiencies than the high virulence isolates in RRL, African green monkey kidney (CV-1) and bovine turbinate (BT) cells. Our results demonstrate that despite a high degree of sequence identity in the 5′ untranslated region (UTR), subtle differences in the primary and secondary structures, as well as differences in cell lines, influence translational efficiencies

Experimental infection of conventional nursing pigs and their dams with \u3ci\u3ePorcine deltacoronavirus\u3c/i\u3e

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a newly identified virus that has been detected in swine herds of North America associated with enteric disease. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the pathogenicity, course of infection, virus kinetics, and aerosol transmission of PDCoV using 87 conventional piglets and their 9 dams, including aerosol and contact controls to emulate field conditions. Piglets 2–4 days of age and their dams were administered an oronasal PDCoV inoculum with a quantitative real-time reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR quantification cycle (Cq) value of 22 that was generated from a field sample having 100% nucleotide identity to USA/Illinois121/2014 determined by metagenomic sequencing and testing negative for other enteric disease agents using standard assays. Serial samples of blood, serum, oral fluids, nasal and fecal swabs, and tissues from sequential autopsy, conducted daily on days 1–8 and regular intervals thereafter, were collected throughout the 42-day study for qRT-PCR, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry. Diarrhea developed in all inoculated and contact control pigs, including dams, by 2 days post-inoculation (dpi) and in aerosol control pigs and dams by 3–4 dpi, with resolution occurring by 12 dpi. Mild to severe atrophic enteritis with PDCoV antigen staining was observed in the small intestine of affected piglets from 2 to 8 dpi. Mesenteric lymph node and small intestine were the primary sites of antigen detection by immunohistochemistry, and virus RNA was detected in these tissues to the end of the study. Virus RNA was detectable in piglet fecal swabs to 21 dpi, and dams to 14–35 dpi