Psychometric validation of the Turkish nine-item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale–Short Form (IGDS9-SF)

The main aims of the current study were to test the factor structure, reliability and validity of the nine-item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form (IGDS9- SF), a standardized measure to assess symptoms and prevalence of Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD). In the present study participants were assessed with the IGDS9-SF, nine-item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale (IGDS) and the Young's Internet Addiction Test-Short Form (YIAT-SF). Confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated that the factor structure (i.e., the dimensional structure) of the IGDS9-SF was satisfactory. The scale was also reliable (i.e., internally consistent with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.89) and showed adequate convergent and criterion-related validity, as indicated by statistically significant positive correlations between average time daily spent playing games during last year, IGDS and YIAT-SF scores. By applying the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) threshold for diagnosing IGD (e.g., endorsing at least five criteria), it was found that the prevalence of disordered gamers ranged from 0.96% (whole sample) to 2.57% (e-sports players). These findings support the Turkish version of the IGDS9-SF as a valid and reliable tool for determining the extent of IGD-related problems among young adults and for the purposes of early IGD diagnosis in clinical settings and similar research

Chemical Abundances Of Open Clusters From High-Resolution Infrared Spectra. I. NGC 6940

We present near-infrared spectroscopic analysis of 12 red giant members of the Galactic open cluster NGC 6940. High-resolution (R$\simeq$45000) and high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N > 100) near-infrared H and K band spectra were gathered with the Immersion Grating Infrared Spectrograph (IGRINS) on the 2.7m Smith Telescope at McDonald Observatory. We obtained abundances of H-burning (C, N, O), ${\alpha}$ (Mg, Si, S, Ca), light odd-Z (Na, Al, P, K), Fe-group (Sc, Ti, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni) and neutron-capture (Ce, Nd, Yb) elements. We report the abundances of S, P, K, Ce, and Yb in NGC 6940 for the first time. Many OH and CN features in the H band were used to obtain O and N abundances. C abundances were measured from four different features: CO molecular lines in the K band, high excitation C I lines present in both near-infrared and optical, CH and $C_2$ bands in the optical region. We have also determined $^{12}C/^{13}C$ ratios from the R-branch band heads of first overtone (2-0) and (3-1) $^{12}CO$ (2-0) $^{13}CO$ lines near 23440 \overset{\lower.5em\circ}{\mathrm{A}} and (3-1) $^{13}CO$ lines at about 23730 \overset{\lower.5em\circ}{\mathrm{A}}. We have also investigated the HF feature at 23358.3 \overset{\lower.5em\circ}{\mathrm{A}}, finding solar fluorine abundances without ruling out a slight enhancement. For some elements (such as the ${\alpha}$ group), IGRINS data yield more internally self-consistent abundances. We also revisited the CMD of NGC 6940 by determining the most probable cluster members using Gaia DR2. Finally, we applied Victoria isochrones and MESA models in order to refine our estimates of the evolutionary stages of our targets.Comment: 16 pages, 10 figure

Microphase separation assisted reduction in the percolation threshold of MWCNT/block polymer composites

Block copolymers continue to attract a great deal of interest since they allow the formation of microphase-separated domains, useful for nanopatterning/templating. Herein, we present the drastic effect of microphase separation of a diblock copolymer on the electrical properties of polymer nanocomposites. Microphase-separated poly(styrene-b-2-ethylhexyl acrylate) (P(St-b-EHA)) block copolymers having different block lengths were synthesized and utilized as templates for multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The percolation threshold of the films decreased from 0.46 to 0.19 vol.% with decreasing styrene phase fraction. More importantly, we observed a non-linear and unique reduction in percolation threshold with transforming phase into lamellar structures

Control over microphase separation and dielectric properties via para-fluoro thiol click reaction

Herein, we have reported the facile para-fluoro thiol click reaction to control microphase separation and the dielectric properties of poly(pentafluorostyrene-b-acrylic acid) copolymers. The block copolymer of pentafluorostyrene and acrylic acid was synthesized resulting in high block incompatibility by Nitroxide Mediated Polymerisation. By using the para-fluoro thiol reaction, 1-dodecanethiol was precisely clicked to block copolymers in various ratios. The microphase structures were observed in cylindrical geometry and their directionality was changed from parallel to perpendicular with increasing click ratio, besides domain size was recorded as low as 5.5 nm. The dielectric constant of the copolymers decreases with increasing click ratio due to the low dielectric constant of dodecane pendant groups and reaches κ=2.4 (at 1000 Hz). This study provides insights on one-step control over phase and dielectric properties by using a facile and very effective click reaction strategy that can simplify the fabrication of novel polymers for next-generation capacitor films for use in directed energy and advanced integrated circuits with smaller feature sizes

Ammonium and nitrate status of the first crop corn fields at Cukurova region

The ammonium (NH4) and nitrate (NO3) are the available nitrogen (N) forms that plants need in large quantities. Their existence in the soil is limited, and concentrations are kept low due to the losses by leaching in the soil profile and microbial consumptions. Sustainability of the plant available nitrogen forms in soil profile is important for plant growth and crop production. In this research, our main objective was to evaluate mineral nitrogen (Nmin) status of the first crop corn soils and plants in Akarsu Irrigation District of Cukurova Region in 2007. Soil samples prior to sowing and after harvest were taken from 0-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm soil depths, and analyzed for ammonium and nitrate concentrations. Plant samples were also taken during harvest, and analyzed for N content for determination of total N uptake. There was considerable amount of ammonium and nitrate in the soil profile during preplanting and postharvest. Since the soils were mostly heavy texture, there is tendency to have ammonium also in the soil solution. However, ammonium concentration was far below the nitrate concentration throughout the profile. Plant nitrogen uptake in the irrigation district was very close to the amount that was applied by the local farmers. The results indicated that soil mineral nitrogen level is an important criteria for fertilization practices, especially the preplant Nmin values need to be considered to decrease the amount of N fertilizer that will be applied