Delineating the antigenotoxic and anticytotoxic potentials of 4-methylimidazole against ethyl methanesulfonate toxicity in bone marrow cell of swiss albino mice

4-Methylimidazole (4-MEI) is mostly used in beverages and coloring food, dark beers and common brands of cola drinks, which may contain more than 100 μg of this compound per 12-ounce serving. This study was aimed to investigate the antigenotoxic and anticytotoxic effects of 4-MEI (100, 130 and 160 mg/kg) against ethyl methanesulfonate (240 mg/kg) using chromosome aberrations (CAs) and Mitotic index (MI) tests in bone marrow cells of Swiss Albino Mice at 12 h and 24 h treatment periods. So, the t-test was used for the statistical analysis. In this research, 4-MEI at all concentrations for 12 h treatment period reduced chromosomal aberrations and at 130 and 160 mg/kg concentrations for 24 h treatment period increased chromosomal aberrations induced by EMS (240 mg/kg), but th ese reductions and increases were not significant. Also, intraperitoneal injection of 4-MEI at doses of 100, 130 and 160 mg/kg combined with EMS (240 mg/kg) showed that the mitotic index was decreased at 100 and 130 mg/kg for 12h and 130 mg/kg for 24 h treatment periods, when compared to positive sample (EMS), but did not show any statistically difference from the EMS treated group. It can be concluded that 4-MEI might not be antigenotoxic and protective effects in bone marrow cells of Swiss Albino Mice, because 4-MEI could not reduce the chromosomal aberrations induced by EMS

CCD photometric search for peculiar stars in open clusters. VII. Berkeley 11, Berkeley 94, Haffner 15, Lynga 1, NGC 6031, NGC 6405, NGC 6834 and Ruprecht 130

The detection of magnetic chemically peculiar (CP2) stars in open clusters of the Milky Way can be used to study the influence of different galactic environments on the (non-)presence of peculiarities, which has to be taken into account in stellar evolution models. Furthermore it is still unknown if the CP2 phenomenon evolves, i.e. does the strength of the peculiarity feature at 5200A, increase or decrease with age. We have observed eight young to intermediate age open clusters in the Delta a photometric system. This intermediate band photometric system samples the depth of the 5200A, flux depression by comparing the flux at the center with the adjacent regions having bandwidths of 110A, to 230A. The Delta a photometric system is most suitable to detect CP2 stars with high efficiency, but is also capable of detecting a small percentage of non-magnetic CP objects. Also, the groups of (metal-weak) lambda Bootis, as well as classical Be/shell stars, can be successfully investigated. This photometric system allows one to determine the age, reddening and distance modulus by fitting isochrones. Among the presented sample of eight galactic clusters, we have detected twenty three CP2, eight Be/Ae and eight metal-weak stars. Another six objects show a peculiar behaviour which is most probably due to a non-membership,variability or duplicity. Fitting isochrones to Delta a photometry yields estimates of the age, reddening and distance that are in excellent agreement with published values

The CFHT Open Star Cluster Survey. IV. Two Rich, Young Open Star Clusters: NGC 2168 (M35) and NGC 2323 (M50)

We continue our study of rich Galactic clusters by presenting deep CCD observations of both NGC 2168 (M35) and NGC 2323 (M50). Both clusters are found to be rich (NGC 2168 contains at least 1000 stars brighter than V = 22 and NGC 2323 contains approximately 2100 stars brighter than our photometric limit of V = 23) and young (age of NGC 2168 = 180 Myrs, age of NGC 2323 = 130 Myrs). The color-magnitude diagrams for the clusters exhibit clear main sequences stretching over 14 magnitudes in the V, B-V plane. Comparing these long main sequences with those of earlier clusters in the survey, as well as with the Hyades, has allowed for accurate distances to be established for each cluster (dist. of NGC 2168 = 912 +/- 70/65 pc, dist. of NGC 2323 = 1000 +/- 81/75 pc). Analysis of the luminosity and mass functions suggest that despite their young ages, both clusters are somewhat dynamically relaxed exhibiting signs of mass-segregation. This is especially interesting in the case of NGC 2323, which has an age of only 1.3 times the dynamical relaxation time. The present photometry is also deep enough to detect all of the white dwarfs in both clusters. We discuss some interesting candidates which may be the remnants of quite massive (M > 5 Mo) progenitor stars. The white dwarf cooling age of NGC 2168 is found to be in good agreement with the main-sequence turn-off age. These objects are potentially very important for setting constraints on the white dwarf initial-final mass relationship and upper mass limit for white dwarf production.Comment: 34 pages, including 12 diagrams and 5 tables. Accepted for publication in AJ. Minor typos correcte

In vitro genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of cefixime in human peripheral blood lymphocytes

Cefixime (CFX) is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic that is widely used to treat Neisseria gonoirhoeae infection. Although some studies have reported the genotoxic and cytostatic/cytotoxic effects of cephalosporins, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have been performed on the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of CFX in eukaryotic test systems. A global consensus about the genotoxicity of cephalosporins is still not feasible. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential genotoxic and cytostatic/ cytotoxic effects of CFX in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. In this study, CFX did not induce chromosome aberrations (CAs) at 24-And 48-hr treatment periods. However, it was obvious that CFX induced more chromosomal-Type breaks compared to the chromatid types at both the 24-And 4S-hr treatments. No significant increase in the mean sister chromatid exchange (SCE) values was observed for the 24-And 48-hr treatment periods; however, the maximum SCE number showed an excessive ina-ease in some lymphocytes at the 48-hr treatment. CFX did not induce micronucleus (MN) formation at both treatment times. However, CFX significantly decreased the proliferation index (PI) and mitotic index (MI) for both the 24-And 48-hr treatment periods. Furthermore, CFX caused a concentration- dependent decrease in the nuclear division index (NDI) for the 48-hr treatment (r = -0.979. P < 0.05). Our study showed that CFX was not genotoxic in cultured human peripheral lymphocytes. However, the excessive induction of SCEs in single cells is indicative of its mutagenic potential. In addition, the cytostatic/cytotoxic effects of CFX may have deleterious effects on the immune system which may increase the susceptibility of the patient against bacterial infections

In vivo genotoxic effects of spiramycin in rat bone marrow cells

The aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxic effects of spiramycin which is an effective ingredient of the antibiotic rovamycine in bone marrow cells of rats (Rattus norvegicus var. albinos). The rats were treated with 100, 200, 400 mg/kg bwt/day of spiramycin. Animals were treated with the above concentrations for 7 days and the bone marrow preparations were prepared after 6 and 12 h from the last administration. In 100 mg/kg bwt/day, spiramycin increased the percentages of the abnormal cells and the chromosomal aberration per cell (CA/cell)in the bone marrow cells of rats that were sacrificed after 6 h from the last administration. It could not induce the abnormalities however at the other concentrations (200 and 400 mg/kg bwt/day). The mitotic index (MI) was not decreased by any treatment of spiramycin. Spiramycin did not increase neither the percentage of abnormal cells nor the CA/cell in bone marrow cells of rats which sacrificed after 12 h from the last administration, whereas it generally decreased the MI in this treatment. Spiramycin did not affect the formation of chromosomal gaps

The in vitro genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of remeron on human peripheral blood lymphocytes

PubMedID: 25156279Remeron (Mirtazapine) is an antidepressant drug which exerts its action by blocking presynaptic ?-2-adrenergic receptors and postsynaptic serotonin types 2 and 3 receptors. In this in vitro analysis, human peripheral blood lymphocytes was treated by remeron (10, 25, 40 and 55 g/mL) for 24 hours and 48 hours periods, then it was attempted to study of genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of the substance on human peripheral blood lymphocytes by some tests such as sister chromatid exchange (SCE), chromosomal abnormalities (CA) and micronucleus (MN) tests. Also proliferating effect of the substance was investigated. Remeron didnt significantly cause chromosomal abnormalities and sister chromatid exchange while caused micronucleus at 40 g/mL concentration and 24 h periodic time and increased proliferation index of the both 24 and 48 hours treated cells was decreased in a concentration manner. Also, exposing to the remeron for 24 and 48 hours leaded to a decrease in mitotic index and nucleus division index in the cells by concentration dependent manner. These findings showed that remeron did not have significantly genotoxic effects on human peripheral blood lymphocytes while it showed cytotoxic effects on the cells, which is the first report on genotoxic and cytotoxic properties of remeron. © 2014 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.FEF2012YL4This study was funded by Cukurova University Research Fund FEF2012YL4

CHROMOSOMAL-ABERRATIONS IN CULTURED HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES TREATED WITH MARSHAL AND ITS EFFECTIVE INGREDIENT CARBOSULFAN

WOS: A1993MB02300003PubMed ID: 7692285The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of Marshal (insecticide/nematocide) and its effective ingredient Carbosulfan to induce chromosomal aberrations (CA) and other chromosomal abnormalities in human peripheral lymphocytes. Carbosulfan induced the formation of CA at all concentrations (10(-6), 5 x 10(-6), 10(-5), 5 x 10(-5) v/v) and treatment times. Marshal significantly induced the formation of CA at the two highest concentrations 10(-5) and 5 x 10(-5) v/v) at all treatment times. The extent of damage was greatest with Carbosulfan

Genotoxic effects of 4-methylimidazole on human peripheral lymphocytes in vitro

PubMedID: 281406884-Methylimidazole (4-MEI), a heterocyclic organic chemical compound, is widely found in many foods and consumed by people worldwide. In this research, we aimed to investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of 4-MEI on human lymphocytes. For this purpose, human peripheral blood lymphocytes were treated with four concentrations of 4-MEI (300, 450, 600 and 750 µg/ml) for 24 h and 48 h periods and in vitro sister chromatid exchange (SCE), chromosome aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) tests were used. 4-MEI induced SCE in human peripheral lymphocytes at three highest concentrations (450, 600 and 750 µg/ml) in 48 h treatment period. CA and MN were induced in human peripheral lymphocytes at two highest concentrations of 4-MEI (600 and 750 µg/ml) in 24 h and 48 h treatment periods. The highest concentration of 4-MEI (750 µg/ml) induced MN formation more than the positive control MMC in 24 h treatment period. In addition, 4-MEI led to a decrease in MI at the highest concentration (750 µg/ml) in 24 h treatment period and at all concentrations in 48 h treatment period. 4-MEI reduced PI at all concentrations in 24 h treatment period and at all concentrations (expect the lowest) for 48 h treatment period. 4-MEI reduced nuclear division index (NDI) at 24 and 48 h treatment periods, even at the highest two concentrations, decreased more than the positive control MMC. Our results showed that 4-MEI pose a genotoxic and cytotoxic effects for human peripheral lymphocytes. © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.FEF2013YL5This study was funded by Cukurova University Research Fund (FEF2013YL5)