Expectations and Contagion in Self-Fulfilling Currency Attacks

This paper shows how expectations-driven contagion of currency crises can arise even if the currency market has a unique equilibrium when viewed in isolation. The model of Morris and Shin (1998) is extended to allow speculators to trade in a second currency market. If speculators believe that a devaluation of this other currency will make a domestic devaluation more likely, they will engage in trades that link the two markets. A sharp devaluation of the other currency will then be propagated to the domestic market and will increase the likelihood of a crisis there, fulfilling the original expectations. Even though this contagion is driven solely by expectations, the model places restrictions on observable variables, and these restrictions are broadly consistent with existing empirical evidence.

Percepcija i uporaba drvnih proizvoda zaštićenih od termita. Dio II: Stajališta graditelja kuća i arhitekata u državama zaraženim podzemnim termitima iz porodice Coptotermes

This paper is Part II of a study that examines perceptions, attitudes and behaviors regarding termites and treated wood. In Part I, we surveyed homeowners and in this paper we surveyed home builders and architects. The geographic region for both Parts I and II is U.S. states where Formosan subterranean termites (FST) exist. This is a particularly voracious species of termite. Overall, in this paper, respondents are in agreement that treated wood is safe in new home construction framing and is safe if handled and disposed of properly. Forty-one percent of respondents agreed that treated wood is safe for residents in indoor structural applications. Overall, when taking into account the neutral responses, respondents have a favorable view of treated wood safety for all applications posed to them. Fifty-five percent of respondents were not familiar at all with FST. Although they had a general lack of knowledge, 29 percent of respondents said FST were a problem in the regions their companies serve.Ovaj rad drugi je dio studije koja proučava stajališta, mišljenja i ponašanja vezana za termite i zaštićeno drvo. U prvom radu anketirani su vlasnici kuća, dok su u ovom radu anketirani graditelji i arhitekti. U radu su, kao i u prvom dijelu istraživanja, proučavane američke regije u kojima je utvrđeno postojanje podzemnih termita iz porodice Coptotermes (FST). Spomenuti su termiti posebno agresivna vrsta termita. U cjelini, ispitanici smatraju da je zaštićeno drvo, uz pravilnu uporabu i rukovanje, sigurno za izgradnju kuća i novih konstrukcijskih elemenata. Pritom 51% ispitanika smatra kako je zaštićeno drvo pri uporabi u unutarnjim uvjetima sigurno za ljude. Općenito, kada se uzmu u obzir i neutralni odgovori, ispitanici imaju pozitivno mišljenje o uporabi zaštićenog drva u svim ispitivanim uvjetima i situacijama. No 51 % ispitanika uopće nije informirano o podzemnom termitu (FTS). Iako većina ispitanika malo zna o podzemnim termitima, 29 % njih izjasnilo se kako su u regijama u kojima djeluju njihove tvrtke imali problema sa spomenutim termitima

Percepcija i uporaba drvnih proizvoda zaštićenih od termita. Dio II: Stajališta graditelja kuća i arhitekata u državama zaraženim podzemnim termitima iz porodice Coptotermes

This paper is Part II of a study that examines perceptions, attitudes and behaviors regarding termites and treated wood. In Part I, we surveyed homeowners and in this paper we surveyed home builders and architects. The geographic region for both Parts I and II is U.S. states where Formosan subterranean termites (FST) exist. This is a particularly voracious species of termite. Overall, in this paper, respondents are in agreement that treated wood is safe in new home construction framing and is safe if handled and disposed of properly. Forty-one percent of respondents agreed that treated wood is safe for residents in indoor structural applications. Overall, when taking into account the neutral responses, respondents have a favorable view of treated wood safety for all applications posed to them. Fifty-five percent of respondents were not familiar at all with FST. Although they had a general lack of knowledge, 29 percent of respondents said FST were a problem in the regions their companies serve.Ovaj rad drugi je dio studije koja proučava stajališta, mišljenja i ponašanja vezana za termite i zaštićeno drvo. U prvom radu anketirani su vlasnici kuća, dok su u ovom radu anketirani graditelji i arhitekti. U radu su, kao i u prvom dijelu istraživanja, proučavane američke regije u kojima je utvrđeno postojanje podzemnih termita iz porodice Coptotermes (FST). Spomenuti su termiti posebno agresivna vrsta termita. U cjelini, ispitanici smatraju da je zaštićeno drvo, uz pravilnu uporabu i rukovanje, sigurno za izgradnju kuća i novih konstrukcijskih elemenata. Pritom 51% ispitanika smatra kako je zaštićeno drvo pri uporabi u unutarnjim uvjetima sigurno za ljude. Općenito, kada se uzmu u obzir i neutralni odgovori, ispitanici imaju pozitivno mišljenje o uporabi zaštićenog drva u svim ispitivanim uvjetima i situacijama. No 51 % ispitanika uopće nije informirano o podzemnom termitu (FTS). Iako većina ispitanika malo zna o podzemnim termitima, 29 % njih izjasnilo se kako su u regijama u kojima djeluju njihove tvrtke imali problema sa spomenutim termitima

Ecotoxicological investigation of three brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) populations in the Detroit River (Michigan, Ontario).

Three populations of brown bullheads (Ameiurus nebulosus) and associated sediments were sampled from the Detroit River, and examined for concentrations of chlorinated hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, pesticides and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Bullheads were further examined for external oral and dermal lesions and internal hepatic histopathology. Chemical analysis revealed that Trenton Channel sediments, as well as the resident bullhead population, had higher concentrations of chemical contaminants compared with two other sites (Amherstburg Channel and Peche Island) in the river. Results also indicate a close association between sediment contaminant concentrations and the incidence of oral/dermal and biliary lesions in the brown bullheads. Trenton Channel bullheads had a higher prevalence of external abnormalities such as lip and skin lesions, stub barbels and fin erosion as well as a higher prevalence of cholangiocarcinomas, cholangiomas and other biliary lesions. HPLC analysis of polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolite concentrations in the bile of brown bullheads confined to cages in the river for a 16 day exposure period revealed significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity with respect to PAH exposure. Results suggest sediments and stormwater runoff events are important sources or chemical exposure to bullhead populations in the Trenton Channel. The results of this investigation indicate that feral brown bullhead populations in the Detroit River are stressed by chemical exposure present in the river and contributes further evidence for a cause-effect relationship with respect to contaminant exposure and organism health in aquatic ecosystems.Dept. of Biological Sciences. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis1996 .L41. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 34-06, page: 2303. Adviser: D. H. Haffner. Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 1996

Uncovering adaptive versus acclimatized alterations in standard metabolic rate in Brown Bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus)

Standard metabolic rates (SMR) were measured in Brown Bullheads collected from two locations of the Detroit River, North America, representative of highly contaminated and uncontaminated areas. Measurements of SMR were completed within 10 d of fish collections (acute trials), for fish held in a common pond environment for 1 year (clearance trials) and for F1 generation fish raised in the pond environment (F1 study). SMRs were significantly higher (26%) in fish from the contaminated area during acute trials. Both populations showed large decreases in SMR (49 to 52 %) following clearance, however, differences between populations were still evident. There were no significant differences in SMRs between populations for F1 fish. This study demonstrates that Detroit River Brown Bullheads from contaminated areas have higher metabolic rates than fish from clean locations and this metabolic effect is retained for long durations after fish are placed in a common environment. The loss of metabolic differences in F1 offspring indicates that the observed differences in SMR were acclimation based and not adaptive or related to maternal effects

Preliminary study of the influence of red blood cells morphometry on the species determinism of domestic animals

Aim: This survey was realized on cattle, sheep, goats, horses, and dogs, in order to study the influence of three morphometric parameters: the diameter, the circumference and the surface of red blood cells on the determinism of these species. Materials and Methods: For each species, blood samples were taken from 15 adult female by jugular venipuncture with confection of blood smears on microscope slides immediately after blood collection and stained according to the method of May-Gründwald Giemsa. Morphometric study was realized using the software OPTIKA Pro Vision. To better describe the results, the statistical analysis was assessed by using the descriptive Boxplots test, ANOVA, and the Student's t-test. Results: The morphometric parameters of red blood cells are biggest in dogs followed by horses, cattle, and sheep, while goats have the lowest ones. Conclusion: This investigation allowed us to show that from a drop of blood we can have an idea about the animal species taking into account the diameter, the circumference, and the surface of erythrocytes