Serviços ambientais e a agropecuária.

bitstream/item/197720/1/Servicos-ambientais.pdfCartilha

Planejamento do aumento da sustentabilidade de unidades de produção familiar da bacia leiteira caprina nos estados de Pernambuco e Paraíba: a experiência do projeto Siscapri.

Este trabalho é um conjunto de procedimentos sistematizados e padronizados para obter dados e informações capaz de caracterizar áreas de atuação de projetos de pesquisa ou ações da assistência técnica e extensão rural, onde a caprinocultura leiteira se apresenta como componente frequentemente encontrado em propriedades da agricultura familiar. Além disto, sugere ferramentas para a caracterização socioeconômica, produtiva, estrutural e indica um conjunto de indicadores para avaliar a sustentabilidade nas dimensões ambiental, econômica e social dessas unidades com enfoque mais sistêmico e sob a perspectiva agroecológica. As etapas metodológicas foram desenvolvidas no âmbito do Projeto ?Estratégias para aumentar a sustentabilidade de sistemas de produção em Arranjos Produtivos Locais de leite caprino no Nordeste? (SISCAPRI) em um estudo realizado na principal bacia de produção de leite caprino do Nordeste brasileiro, localizada entre os estados da Paraíba e de Pernambuco, abrangendo as microrregiões dos Cariris Ocidental e Oriental Paraibanos, Pajeú, Sertão do Moxotó e Vales do Ipojuca e Ipanema Pernambucanos, totalizando área de 17.473 km2 e envolvendo aproximadamente 2000 famílias agricultoras envolvidas na atividade. O trabalho a seguir é oriundo de uma demanda aberta por produtores e técnicos da região por informações e ferramentas que possam se somar aos conhecimentos dos atores locais e, orientar o planejamento para o aumento da sustentabilidade de unidades de produção familiar e contribuindo com o avanço produtivo na regiã

Carbon stock and sequestration as a form of payment for environmental services in a Sedimentary Basin Humid Forest refuge in Brazilian Semiarid.

Forests function as carbon reservoirs since they act in its sequestration and storage, playing a fundamental role in global climate change mitigation. Payments for this kind of environmental service have emerged as an important means for combating deforestation. This study evaluated the potential of a Sedimentary Basin Humid Forest refuge in a Semiarid Brazilian region (Chapada do Araripe, southern Ceará state) to receive payments for environmental services (PES) for carbon (C) assimilation and storage. The biomass quantification was performed by the non-destructive method and the determination of the C content was carried out using a LECO carbon analyzer to correlate carbon production in different litter components with climate variables. The carbon, carbon increment and stored carbon values were obtained by information collected from a continuous forest inventory. The average carbon content of each litter component and the volume of wood stored in the forest indicated that the fragment has 27.78?t?ha?1 of carbon stored in its living biomass and an annual increment of 1.26?t?ha?1 year. The carbon sequestered annually totaled 3.99?t?ha?1 [carbon incorporated in the litter (2.73?t?ha?1) + average annual increment of carbon in the commercial volume (1.26 t ha?1)] indicating that the area sequesters an average of 102.02?t?ha?1 CO2e. Of the three studied compartments, only the leaves component showed a significant correlation with any climatic variable (rainfall). Based on amounts paid per ton of carbon sequestered, it is estimated that the area can earn ? 2583.79.ha?1 should it participate in a program of PES for carbon sequestration and storage. This value serves as an incentive for the conservation of biodiversity, promoting environmental benefits and financial advantages compared to other forms of land use.On-lin

La educación inclusiva frente a las desigualdades sociales: un estado de la cuestion y algunas reflexiones geograficas

Este artículo establece un estado de la cuestión e la educación inclusiva en el mundo y sugiere algunas reflexiones al respecto. El primer apartado recuerda las conexiones ineludibles entre las preocupaciones educativas por la educación inclusiva y las preocupaciones más generales por la desigualdad. El segundo consigna los criterios de búsqueda de las publicaciones académicas, y observa dos grandes temas en sus contenidos: sobre todo, el cambio interno de las escuelas atrae las miradas, pero en segundo plano también el entorno territorial despierta algunas inquietudes. El tercero anota los criterios de búsqueda de la documentación del Banco Mundial, la OCDE y la UNESCO. En este ámbito los simposios de la Oficina Internacional de la Educación de UNESCO revelan una interpretación dispar, aunque convergente, del concepto de educación inclusiva en las distintas regiones mundiales. Asimismo, todas las publicaciones oficiales muestran una atención prioritaria a las dinámicas internas de las escuelas, puesto que apenas algunas esbozan ciertas relaciones entre la educación inclusiva y las políticas públicas. El último apartado adelanta varios argumentos a favor de una mayor consideración de las escalas local y estatal de la educación inclusiva. Las principales razones para atender a la dimensión local provienen de la causalidad acumulativa de las privaciones sociales, de la necesidad de articular la acción de las escuelas y de la posibilidad de abrir un espacio significativo para la participación ciudadana. Asimismo, las principales razones para atender a la dimensión estatal surgen de las posibles sinergias entre la educación inclusiva y la expansión educativa (p. ej. ¿es correlativo el avance de la escolarización en los distintos ciclos escolares?) como también entre la educación inclusiva y la protección social (p. ej. ¿tienen una implicación pedagógica consistente las abundantes condiciones educativas de las transferencias sociales?

Goodbye Hartmann trial: a prospective, international, multicenter, observational study on the current use of a surgical procedure developed a century ago

Background: Literature suggests colonic resection and primary anastomosis (RPA) instead of Hartmann's procedure (HP) for the treatment of left-sided colonic emergencies. We aim to evaluate the surgical options globally used to treat patients with acute left-sided colonic emergencies and the factors that leading to the choice of treatment, comparing HP and RPA. Methods: This is a prospective, international, multicenter, observational study registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. A total 1215 patients with left-sided colonic emergencies who required surgery were included from 204 centers during the period of March 1, 2020, to May 31, 2020. with a 1-year follow-up. Results: 564 patients (43.1%) were females. The mean age was 65.9 ± 15.6 years. HP was performed in 697 (57.3%) patients and RPA in 384 (31.6%) cases. Complicated acute diverticulitis was the most common cause of left-sided colonic emergencies (40.2%), followed by colorectal malignancy (36.6%). Severe complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3b) were higher in the HP group (P < 0.001). 30-day mortality was higher in HP patients (13.7%), especially in case of bowel perforation and diffused peritonitis. 1-year follow-up showed no differences on ostomy reversal rate between HP and RPA. (P = 0.127). A backward likelihood logistic regression model showed that RPA was preferred in younger patients, having low ASA score (≤ 3), in case of large bowel obstruction, absence of colonic ischemia, longer time from admission to surgery, operating early at the day working hours, by a surgeon who performed more than 50 colorectal resections. Conclusions: After 100 years since the first Hartmann's procedure, HP remains the most common treatment for left-sided colorectal emergencies. Treatment's choice depends on patient characteristics, the time of surgery and the experience of the surgeon. RPA should be considered as the gold standard for surgery, with HP being an exception