53 research outputs found
On Quadrirational Yang-Baxter Maps
We use the classification of the quadrirational maps given by Adler, Bobenko
and Suris to describe when such maps satisfy the Yang-Baxter relation. We show
that the corresponding maps can be characterized by certain singularity
invariance condition. This leads to some new families of Yang-Baxter maps
corresponding to the geometric symmetries of pencils of quadrics.Comment: Proceedings of the workshop "Geometric Aspects of Discrete and
Ultra-Discrete Integrable Systems" (Glasgow, March-April 2009
Boussinesq-like multi-component lattice equations and multi-dimensional consistency
We consider quasilinear, multi-variable, constant coefficient, lattice
equations defined on the edges of the elementary square of the lattice, modeled
after the lattice modified Boussinesq (lmBSQ) equation, e.g., . These equations are classified into three canonical forms and
the consequences of their multidimensional consistency
(Consistency-Around-the-Cube, CAC) are derived. One of the consequences is a
restriction on form of the equation for the variable, which in turn implies
further consistency conditions, that are solved. As result we obtain a number
of integrable multi-component lattice equations, some generalizing lmBSQ.Comment: 24 page
Infinitely many symmetries and conservation laws for quad-graph equations via the Gardner method
The application of the Gardner method for generation of conservation laws to
all the ABS equations is considered. It is shown that all the necessary
information for the application of the Gardner method, namely B\"acklund
transformations and initial conservation laws, follow from the multidimensional
consistency of ABS equations. We also apply the Gardner method to an asymmetric
equation which is not included in the ABS classification. An analog of the
Gardner method for generation of symmetries is developed and applied to
discrete KdV. It can also be applied to all the other ABS equations
Microfluidic Fabrication of Microcarriers with Sequential Delivery of VEGF And BMP-2 For Bone Regeneration
Wound instability and poor functional vascularization in bone tissue engineering lead to lack of tissue integration and ultimate failure of engineered grafts. In order to harness the regenerative potential of growth factors and stimulate bone healing, present study aims to design multifunctional cell therapy microcarriers with the capability of sequential delivery of essential growth factors, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). An on-chip double emulsion method was implemented to generate monodisperse VEGF encapsulated microcarriers. Bio-inspired poly(3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) (PDA) was then functionalized to the microcarriers surface for BMP-2 conjugation. The microcarriers were seeded with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) using a dynamic culture technique for cells expansion. Finally, the microcarriers were incorporated into an injectable alginate-RGD hydrogel laden with endothelial cells (ECs) for further analysis. The DNA and calcium content, as well as ALP activity of the construct were analyzed. The confocal fluorescent microscopy was employed to monitor the MSCs and tunneling structure of ECs. Eventually, the capability of developed microcarriers for bone tissue formation was examined in vivo. Microfluidic platform generated monodisperse VEGF-loaded PLGA microcarriers with size-dependent release patterns. Microcarriers generated with the on-chip technique showed more sustained VEGF release profiles compared to the conventional bulk mixing method. The PDA functionalization of microcarriers surface not only provided immobilization of BMP-2 with prolonged bioavailability, but also enhanced the attachment and proliferation of MSCs. Dynamic culturing of microcarriers showcased their great potential to boost MSCs population required for stem cell therapy of bone defects. ALP activity and calcium content analysis of MSCs-laden microcarriers loaded into injectable hydrogels revealed their capability of tunneling formation, vascular cell growth and osteogenic differentiation. The in vivo histology and real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that transplantation of MSC-laden microcarriers supports ectopic bone formation in the rat model. The presented approach to design bioactive microcarriers offer sustained sequential delivery of bone ECM chemical cues and offer an ideal stabilized 3D microenvironment for patient-specific cell therapy applications. The proposed methodology is readily expandable to integrate other cells and cytokines in a tuned spatiotemporal manner for personalized regenerative medicine
Yang-Baxter maps and symmetries of integrable equations on quad-graphs
A connection between the Yang-Baxter relation for maps and the
multi-dimensional consistency property of integrable equations on quad-graphs
is investigated. The approach is based on the symmetry analysis of the
corresponding equations. It is shown that the Yang-Baxter variables can be
chosen as invariants of the multi-parameter symmetry groups of the equations.
We use the classification results by Adler, Bobenko and Suris to demonstrate
this method. Some new examples of Yang-Baxter maps are derived in this way from
multi-field integrable equations.Comment: 20 pages, 5 figure
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