Implikasi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 11-017/puu-i/2003 terhadap Perlindungan Hukum Hak Dipilih

Paper that had the title: "Juridical implications of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 011-017/PUU-I/2003 on the Legal Protection for the Rights to be Eelected." This explores two issues: 1) how the legal protection of the settings selected in the state system of Indonesia ; 2) what are juridical implications of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 011-017/PUU-I/2003 on the legal protection for the rights to be elected. To solve both problems, this paper uses normative legal research methods. Approach being used is the statute approach, case approach, and a conceptual approach. Further legal materials collected were identified and analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques. Legal protection for the right to be elected in the state system of Indonesia can be traced from the 1945 opening, the articles in the body of the 1945 Constitution, Article 27 paragraph (1), Article 28D (1) and paragraph (3) and Article 28 paragraph (3) 1945 Second Amendment, MPR Decree Number XVII/MPR/1998, Article 43 of Law Number 39 of 1999, Article 21 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and Article 25 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Discussion of the juridical implications of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 011-017/PUU-I/2003 on the legal protection for the rights to be elected have been included: a) only on the juridical implications of representative institutions no longer marked with specified requirements as stipulated in Article 60 letter g of Law Number 12 Year 2003 in Law Number 10 Year 2008; b) juridical implications of the political field for the right to be elected is the absence of any discriminatory treatment in legislative product formed by the House of Representatives and the President as well as products of other legislation forward

AI is a viable alternative to high throughput screening: a 318-target study

: High throughput screening (HTS) is routinely used to identify bioactive small molecules. This requires physical compounds, which limits coverage of accessible chemical space. Computational approaches combined with vast on-demand chemical libraries can access far greater chemical space, provided that the predictive accuracy is sufficient to identify useful molecules. Through the largest and most diverse virtual HTS campaign reported to date, comprising 318 individual projects, we demonstrate that our AtomNet® convolutional neural network successfully finds novel hits across every major therapeutic area and protein class. We address historical limitations of computational screening by demonstrating success for target proteins without known binders, high-quality X-ray crystal structures, or manual cherry-picking of compounds. We show that the molecules selected by the AtomNet® model are novel drug-like scaffolds rather than minor modifications to known bioactive compounds. Our empirical results suggest that computational methods can substantially replace HTS as the first step of small-molecule drug discovery

Photonic analog-to-digital converters preprocessing using the robust symmetrical number system for direct digitization of antenna signals

The need to realize pervasive battlespace awareness is placing an increasing demand on the bandwidth and resolution performance of modern sensors, communication receivers and electronic warfare. Fundamental to realizing this demand is the omnipresent highspeed analog-to-digital converters. The need constantly exists for converters with lower power consumption. To reduce the number of power-consuming components, high-performance ADCs employ parallel configuration of analog folding circuits to symmetrically fold the input signal prior to quantization by high-speed comparators. In this thesis, a prototype of an optical folding 6-bit ADC utilizing a 7-bit preprocessing architecture was implemented using the Robust Symmetrical Number System (RSNS). The RSNS preprocessing architecture is a modular scheme in which the integer values within each modulus (comparator states), when considered together, change one at a time at the next position i.e. Gray-code property. MATLAB simulations are used to help determine the properties of the RSNS. These properties include the dynamic range (largest number of distinct consecutive vectors) and the location of the dynamic range within the number system. Since the waveform repeats every fundamental period, a method that reduces all indexes to the 'lowest common denominator' is developed to find the symmetrical residues of each channel. Using the symmetrical residues determined, the corresponding DC shifts on each waveform can be calculated. The architecture employs a three-modulus (mod 7, 8, 9) scheme to preprocess the antenna signal. Electro-optic modulation of the input signal to generate the required number of folds within the dynamic range was successfully carried out in the three-modulus realization using modulators with a small half-wave voltage. The detection output are carefully aligned and postprocessed before amplitude analyzing with a high-speed comparator circuit responsible for the sampling and quantization of the signal (designed under a separate thesis). Low frequency analysis of the results using a 1 kHz input signal indicate a 5.42 effective number of bits (ENOB), a signal-to-noise ratio plus distortion (SINAD) of 34.42 dB, and a total harmonic distortion (THD) of -- 62.84 dB.http://archive.org/details/photonicnalogtod109454970Republic of Singapore Air Force authorApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited

Synthesis and reactivity of cationic iridium aminocarbenes derived from terminal alkynes and 2-aminopyridines

The reaction of a terminal alkyne (RCCH) and 2- aminopyridine (R′C5NH3NH2) with the dinuclear species [Cp*IrCl2]2 afforded the cationic aminocarbene derivatives Cp*Ir(Cl)[ C- (CH2R)NHC5NH3R′] via a hydroamination and a ligand substitution. The reaction pathway has been examined through computational studies.MOE (Min. of Education, S’pore)Accepted versio

An integrated command and control architecture concept for unmanned systems in the year 2030

U.S. Forces require an integrated Command and Control Architecture that enables operations of a dynamic mix of manned and unmanned systems. The level of autonomous behavior correlates to: 1) the amount of trust with the reporting vehicles, and 2) the multi-spectral perspective of the observations. The intent to illuminate the architectural issues for force protection in 2030 was based on a multi-phased analytical model of High Value Unit (HVU) defense. The results showed that autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles are required to defeat high-speed incoming missiles. To evaluate the level of autonomous behavior required for an integrated combat architecture, geometric distributions were modeled to determine force positioning, based on a scenario driven Detect-to-Engage timeline. Discrete event simulation was used to schedule operations, and a datalink budget assessment of communications to determine the critical failure paths in the the integrated combat architecture. The command and control principles used in the integrated combat architecture were based on Boyd's OODA (Obseve, Orient, Decide, and Act) Loop. A conservative fleet size estimate, given the uncertainties of the coverage overlap and radar detection range, a fleet size of 35 should be anticipated given an UAV detection range of 20km and radar coverage overlap of 4 seconds.http://archive.org/details/anintegratedcomm109455244US Navy (USN) authorsApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited

Evaluation of prognostic risk models for postoperative pulmonary complications in adult patients undergoing major abdominal surgery: a systematic review and international external validation cohort study

Background Stratifying risk of postoperative pulmonary complications after major abdominal surgery allows clinicians to modify risk through targeted interventions and enhanced monitoring. In this study, we aimed to identify and validate prognostic models against a new consensus definition of postoperative pulmonary complications. Methods We did a systematic review and international external validation cohort study. The systematic review was done in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched MEDLINE and Embase on March 1, 2020, for articles published in English that reported on risk prediction models for postoperative pulmonary complications following abdominal surgery. External validation of existing models was done within a prospective international cohort study of adult patients (≥18 years) undergoing major abdominal surgery. Data were collected between Jan 1, 2019, and April 30, 2019, in the UK, Ireland, and Australia. Discriminative ability and prognostic accuracy summary statistics were compared between models for the 30-day postoperative pulmonary complication rate as defined by the Standardised Endpoints in Perioperative Medicine Core Outcome Measures in Perioperative and Anaesthetic Care (StEP-COMPAC). Model performance was compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROCC). Findings In total, we identified 2903 records from our literature search; of which, 2514 (86·6%) unique records were screened, 121 (4·8%) of 2514 full texts were assessed for eligibility, and 29 unique prognostic models were identified. Nine (31·0%) of 29 models had score development reported only, 19 (65·5%) had undergone internal validation, and only four (13·8%) had been externally validated. Data to validate six eligible models were collected in the international external validation cohort study. Data from 11 591 patients were available, with an overall postoperative pulmonary complication rate of 7·8% (n=903). None of the six models showed good discrimination (defined as AUROCC ≥0·70) for identifying postoperative pulmonary complications, with the Assess Respiratory Risk in Surgical Patients in Catalonia score showing the best discrimination (AUROCC 0·700 [95% CI 0·683–0·717]). Interpretation In the pre-COVID-19 pandemic data, variability in the risk of pulmonary complications (StEP-COMPAC definition) following major abdominal surgery was poorly described by existing prognostication tools. To improve surgical safety during the COVID-19 pandemic recovery and beyond, novel risk stratification tools are required. Funding British Journal of Surgery Society