13,556 research outputs found
Fluid Antenna Multiple Access
Fluid antenna system represents an emerging technology that enables an antenna to switch its physical location in a predefined space. This paper explores the potential of using a single fluid antenna at each mobile user for multiple access, which we refer to it as fluid antenna multiple access (FAMA). FAMA exploits spatial moments of deep fade suffered by the interference to achieve a favourable channel condition for the desired signal, without requiring sophisticated signal processing. We analyze the FAMA network by first deriving the outage probability of the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) in a double integral form. We then obtain an outage probability upper bound in closed form and an average outage rate lower bound for the FAMA system, with an arbitrary number of interferers, from which the multiplexing gain of FAMA is characterized. We also estimate how large the number of locations is required to achieve a given multiplexing gain using fluid antennas with a given size. Results show that it is possible for FAMA to support hundreds of users using only one fluid antenna of a few wavelengths of space at each user, giving rise to significant gain in the average network outage rate
Enhancing and Localizing Surface Wave Propagation with Reconfigurable Surfaces
As an attempt to develop a reconfigurable surface architecture that can use
liquid metal such as Galinstan to shape surface channels on demand, this paper
considers a punctured surface where cavities are evenly distributed and can be
filled with liquid metal potentially via digitally controlled pumps. In this
paper, we look at the benefits of such architecture in terms of surface-wave
signal enhancement and isolation, and examine how various system parameters
impact the performance using full wave 3-dimensional electromagnetic
simulations. It is shown that extraordinary signal shaping can be obtained.Comment: Submitted to 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and
Propagation, Taipei, Taiwan,202
A Simple Low-Profile Coaxially-Fed Magneto-Electric Dipole Antenna Without Slot-Cavity
A simple coaxially-fed magneto-electric dipole (ME dipole) antenna is designed and experimentally evaluated. The proposed antenna does not require the conventional quarter-wavelength slot cavity
for generating the magnetic dipole mode, and only consists of two simple rectangular horizontal patches,
a vertical semi-rigid coaxial cable and a square ground plane. It makes the fabrication easier and can
reduce the production cost. Also, as the quarter-wavelength slot cavity is removed in the proposed design,
the thickness of the antenna can be reduced to 21 mm, i.e., 16.4% of the free space wavelength at the
center frequency. The low-profile antenna shows comparable wide impedance bandwidth of 41.03% (S11
ā¤ ā10 dB), and a more stable and higher realized gain from 7.90 - 9.74 dBi (Ā± 0.92 dB variation) over
the operating frequency band from 1.86 GHz to 2.82 GHz (centered at 2.34 GHz). The maximum gain
has increased around 9.4% when compare with that of the highest reported. While the gain variation in
the passband of the proposed antenna is about 58% lower than that of those ME dipole antennas reported
in the literature. The radiation mechanism and the effects of the critical parameters of the antenna are
also explained with the assistance of the parametric study presented
Fluid Antenna System for 6G: When Bruce Lee Inspires Wireless Communications
Since its inception, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) has become a
magical technology that continues to break new grounds and deliver the
needed upgrades in mobile communications. The emerging 5G systems are
also being labelled by many as the massive MIMO generation. This
somewhat oversimplified view is perhaps a reflection of the great impact
MIMO has had on our generation of mobile communication networks.
Although the technologies have evolved in the past decades, the principle
remains the sameāto exploit the diversity of different copies of signals at
independent locations for reducing the degree of fading and randomness of
wireless channels. Through signal processing and coding, the diversity has
been translated successfully into capacity gain and enhancement in other
forms of the quality-of-service. This article identifies āfluidā antenna as a
trending technology that may succeed MIMO and become a reality to
transform wireless communications to a new height. Fluid antenna is a
radical approach that advocates software-controlled position-flexible
shape-flexible antenna. The concept liberates antennas to unleash massive
diversity inherent in the small space of a mobile device and makes possible
new opportunities that were previously unthinkable. This article attempts to
be imaginative and aims to take readers on a short journey of what fluid
antenna might bring in future-generation mobile communications systems
and speculate on its impact
Rank 3 permutation characters and maximal subgroups
In this paper we classify all maximal subgroups M of a nearly simple
primitive rank 3 group G of type L=Omega_{2m+1}(3), m > 3; acting on an L-orbit
E of non-singular points of the natural module for L such that 1_P^G <=1_M^G
where P is a stabilizer of a point in E. This result has an application to the
study of minimal genera of algebraic curves which admit group actions.Comment: 41 pages, to appear in Forum Mathematicu
On Propagation Characteristics of Reconfigurable Surface Wave Platform: Simulation and Experimental Verification
Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) as a smart reflector is
revolutionizing research for next-generation wireless communications.
Complementing this is a concept of using RIS as an efficient propagation medium
for potentially superior path loss characteristics. Motivated by a recent
porous surface architecture that facilitates reconfigurable pathways with
cavities filled with fluid metal, this paper studies the propagation
characteristics of different pathway configurations in different lossy
materials on the reconfigurable surface wave platform by using a commercial
full electromagnetic simulation software and S-parameters experiments. This
paper also looks into the best scheme to switch between a straight pathway and
a -bend and attempts to quantify the additional path loss when making
a turn. Our experimental results verify the simulation results, showing the
effectiveness of the proposed reconfigurable surface wave platform for a
wide-band, low path loss and highly programmable communications.Comment: Submitted to IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, 202
Excited states in bilayer graphene quantum dots
We report on ground- and excited state transport through an electrostatically
defined few-hole quantum dot in bilayer graphene in both parallel and
perpendicular applied magnetic fields. A remarkably clear level scheme for the
two-particle spectra is found by analyzing finite bias spectroscopy data within
a two-particle model including spin and valley degrees of freedom. We identify
the two-hole ground-state to be a spin-triplet and valley-singlet state. This
spin alignment can be seen as Hund's rule for a valley-degenerate system, which
is fundamentally different to quantum dots in carbon nano tubes and GaAs-based
quantum dots. The spin-singlet excited states are found to be valley-triplet
states by tilting the magnetic field with respect to the sample plane. We
quantify the exchange energy to be 0.35meV and measure a valley and spin
g-factor of 36 and 2, respectively
Inductive Matrix Completion and Root-MUSIC-Based Channel Estimation for Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS)-Aided Hybrid MIMO Systems
This paper studies the estimation of cascaded channels in passive intelligent
reflective surface (IRS)- aided multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems
employing hybrid precoders and combiners. We propose a low-complexity solution
that estimates the channel parameters progressively. The angles of departure
(AoDs) and angles of arrival (AoAs) at the transmitter and receiver,
respectively, are first estimated using inductive matrix completion (IMC)
followed by root-MUSIC based super-resolution spectrum estimation.
Forward-backward spatial smoothing (FBSS) is applied to address the coherence
issue. Using the estimated AoAs and AoDs, the training precoders and combiners
are then optimized and the angle differences between the AoAs and AoDs at the
IRS are estimated using the least squares (LS) method followed by FBSS and the
root-MUSIC algorithm. Finally, the composite path gains of the cascaded channel
are estimated using on-grid sparse recovery with a small-size dictionary. The
simulation results suggest that the proposed estimator can achieve improved
channel parameter estimation performance with lower complexity as compared to
several recently reported alternatives, thanks to the exploitation of the
knowledge of the array responses and low-rankness of the channel using
low-complexity algorithms at all the stages.Comment: Submitted to IEE
Dietary patterns for adults with chronic kidney disease
This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: This review will evaluate the benefits and harms of dietary patterns among adults with CKD (any stage including people with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) treated with dialysis, transplantation or supportive care)
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