Potencial fitoquímico de bagas: uma visão geral

Introduction: Phytochemicals, or secondary metabolites, present in small fruits are responsible for improving the health of consumers when included in the daily diet. All edible forms of berries are considered safe functional foods because they have nutritional properties and therapeutic potential. Objective: Therefore, this narrative review aims to analyze the state of the art on the phytochemical potential of the six main small fruits (blackberry, physalis, raspberry, blueberry, strawberry and grape), to gather information on the application of strategies to obtain berries with higher concentrations of biomolecules and to present the benefits of phytochemicals to the consuming public. Methodology: In the first stage of this narrative review, the cultivation scenario of these six main berries is contextualized. Subsequently, a temporal metasynthesis on berry phytochemicals is performed. In the last part of this review, we detail the biomolecule profile of blackberry, physalis, raspberry, blueberry, strawberry and grape and focus on their action against diseases. Results: The consumption of these six berries triggers anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-aging, anti-obesity, anti-microbial, anti-ulcer and radioprotective, neuroprotective and glucoregulatory actions. Despite scientific and clinical evidence on the positive effects of small fruit consumption on human health, their consumption remains low. Conclusions: The creation of public policies will contribute to improve the scenario of berry intake because it will involve the entire small fruit production chain: scientists, producers, food and pharmaceutical industries, and consumers.Introducción: Los fitoquímicos, o metabolitos secundarios, presentes en las frutas pequeñas son los responsables de mejorar la salud de los consumidores cuando se incluyen en la dieta diaria. Todas las formas comestibles de bayas se consideran alimentos funcionales seguros porque tienen propiedades nutricionales y potencial terapéutico. Objetivo­: Por lo tanto, esta revisión narrativa tiene como objetivo analizar el estado del arte sobre el potencial fitoquímico de los seis principales frutos pequeños (mora, physalis, frambuesa, arándano, fresa y uva), para recopilar información sobre la aplicación de estrategias que permitan obtener bayas con mayores concentraciones de biomoléculas y presentar los beneficios de los fitoquímicos al público consumidor. Metodología: En la primera etapa de esta revisión narrativa, se contextualiza el escenario de cultivo de estas seis bayas principales. Posteriormente, se realiza una metasíntesis temporal sobre fitoquímicos en bayas. En la última parte de esta revisión, se detalla el perfil de biomoléculas de mora, physalis, frambuesa, arándano, fresa y uva y nos enfocamos en su acción contra las enfermedades. Resultados: El consumo de estas seis bayas desencadena acciones antidiabéticas, antiinflamatorias, anticancerígenas, antienvejecimiento, antiobesidad, antimicrobianas, antiulcerosas y radioprotectoras, neuroprotectoras y glucorreguladoras. A pesar de las evidencias científicas y clínicas sobre los efectos positivos del consumo de frutos pequeños en la salud humana, su consumo sigue siendo bajo. Conclusiones: La creación de políticas públicas contribuirá a mejorar el escenario de la ingesta de berries porque involucrará a la totalidad de la cadena productiva de la pequeña fruta: científicos, productores, industrias alimenticia y farmacéutica y consumidores.Introdução: Os fitoquímicos, ou metabolitos secundários, presentes nos pequenos frutos são responsáveis por melhorar a saúde dos consumidores quando incluídos na dieta diária. Todas as formas comestíveis de bagas são consideradas alimentos funcionais seguros, pois possuem propriedades nutricionais e potencial terapêutico. Objetivo: Assim, esta revisão narrativa tem como objetivo analisar o estado da arte sobre o potencial fitoquímico dos seis principais pequenos frutos (amora, physalis, framboesa, mirtilo, morango e uva), reunir informação sobre a implementação de estratégias para a obtenção de bagas com maiores concentrações de biomoléculas e apresentar os benefícios dos fitoquímicos ao público consumidor. Metodologia: Na primeira fase desta revisão narrativa, contextualiza-se o cenário de cultivo destas seis principais bagas. Segue-se uma meta-síntese temporal dos fitoquímicos presentes nas bagas. Na última parte desta revisão, detalhamos o perfil de biomoléculas da amora, physalis, framboesa, mirtilo, morango e uva e focamos a sua ação contra doenças. Resultados: O consumo destas seis bagas desencadeia acções anti-diabéticas, anti-inflamatórias, anti-cancerígenas, anti-envelhecimento, anti-obesidade, anti-microbianas, anti-úlcera e radioprotectoras, neuroprotectoras e glucoreguladoras. Apesar das evidências científicas e clínicas sobre os efeitos positivos do consumo de pequenos frutos na saúde humana, o seu consumo continua a ser baixo. Conclusões: A criação de políticas públicas contribuirá para melhorar o cenário de consumo de frutos vermelhos, pois envolverá toda a cadeia produtiva dos pequenos frutos: cientistas, produtores, indústrias alimentícias e farmacêuticas e consumidores.

CosmoHub : Interactive exploration and distribution of astronomical data on Hadoop

We present CosmoHub (https://cosmohub.pic.es), a web application based on Hadoop to perform interactive exploration and distribution of massive cosmological datasets. Recent Cosmology seeks to unveil the nature of both dark matter and dark energy mapping the large-scale structure of the Universe, through the analysis of massive amounts of astronomical data, progressively increasing during the last (and future) decades with the digitization and automation of the experimental techniques. CosmoHub, hosted and developed at the Port d'Informacio Científica (PIC), provides support to a worldwide community of scientists, without requiring the end user to know any Structured Query Language (SQL). It is serving data of several large international collaborations such as the Euclid space mission, the Dark Energy Survey (DES), the Physics of the Accelerating Universe Survey (PAUS) and the Marenostrum Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai (MICE) numerical simulations. While originally developed as a PostgreSQL relational database web frontend, this work describes the current version of CosmoHub, built on top of Apache Hive, which facilitates scalable reading, writing and managing huge datasets. As CosmoHub's datasets are seldomly modified, Hive it is a better fit. Over 60 TiB of catalogued information and 50 × 109 astronomical objects can be interactively explored using an integrated visualization tool which includes 1D histogram and 2D heatmap plots. In our current implementation, online exploration of datasets of 109 objects can be done in a timescale of tens of seconds. Users can also download customized subsets of data in standard formats generated in few minutes

CosmoHub: Interactive exploration and distribution of astronomical data on Hadoop

We present CosmoHub (https://cosmohub.pic.es), a web application based on Hadoop to perform interactive exploration and distribution of massive cosmological datasets. Recent Cosmology seeks to unveil the nature of both dark matter and dark energy mapping the large-scale structure of the Universe, through the analysis of massive amounts of astronomical data, progressively increasing during the last (and future) decades with the digitization and automation of the experimental techniques. CosmoHub, hosted and developed at the Port d'Informació Científica (PIC), provides support to a worldwide community of scientists, without requiring the end user to know any Structured Query Language (SQL). It is serving data of several large international collaborations such as the Euclid space mission, the Dark Energy Survey (DES), the Physics of the Accelerating Universe Survey (PAUS) and the Marenostrum Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (MICE) numerical simulations. While originally developed as a PostgreSQL relational database web frontend, this work describes the current version of CosmoHub, built on top of Apache Hive, which facilitates scalable reading, writing and managing huge datasets. As CosmoHub's datasets are seldomly modified, Hive it is a better fit. Over 60 TiB of cataloged information and 50×10 astronomical objects can be interactively explored using an integrated visualization tool which includes 1D histogram and 2D heatmap plots. In our current implementation, online exploration of datasets of 10 objects can be done in a timescale of tens of seconds. Users can also download customized subsets of data in standard formats generated in few minutes.CosmoHub has been partially funded through projects of the Spanish national program “Programa Estatal de I + D + i” of the Spanish government. The support of the ERDF fund is gratefully acknowledged

The PAU Survey: A Forward Modeling Approach for Narrow-band Imaging

Weak gravitational lensing is a powerful probe of the dark sector, once measurement systematic errors can be controlled. In Refregier & Amara (2014), a calibration method based on forward modeling, called MCCL, was proposed. This relies on fast image simulations (e.g., UFig; Berge et al. 2013) that capture the key features of galaxy populations and measurement effects. The MCCL approach has been used in Herbel et al. (2017) to determine the redshift distribution of cosmological galaxy samples and, in the process, the authors derived a model for the galaxy population mainly based on broad-band photometry. Here, we test this model by forward modeling the 40 narrow-band photometry given by the novel PAU Survey (PAUS). For this purpose, we apply the same forced photometric pipeline on data and simulations using Source Extractor (Bertin & Arnouts 1996). The image simulation scheme performance is assessed at the image and at the catalogues level. We find good agreement for the distribution of pixel values, the magnitudes, in the magnitude-size relation and the interband correlations. A principal component analysis is then performed, in order to derive a global comparison of the narrow-band photometry between the data and the simulations. We use a `mixing' matrix to quantify the agreement between the observed and simulated sets of Principal Components (PCs). We find good agreement, especially for the first three most significant PCs. We also compare the coefficients of the PCs decomposition. While there are slight differences for some coefficients, we find that the distributions are in good agreement. Together, our results show that the galaxy population model derived from broad-band photometry is in good overall agreement with the PAUS data. This offers good prospect for incorporating spectral information to the galaxy model by adjusting it to the PAUS narrow-band data using forward modeling.Comment: Submitted to JCAP, 28 pages, 15 figures, 3 appendice

CosmoHub: Interactive exploration and distribution of astronomical data on Hadoop

We present CosmoHub (https://cosmohub.pic.es), a web application based on Hadoop to perform interactive exploration and distribution of massive cosmological datasets. Recent Cosmology seeks to unveil the nature of both dark matter and dark energy mapping the large-scale structure of the Universe, through the analysis of massive amounts of astronomical data, progressively increasing during the last (and future) decades with the digitization and automation of the experimental techniques. CosmoHub, hosted and developed at the Port d'Informaci\'o Cient\'ifica (PIC), provides support to a worldwide community of scientists, without requiring the end user to know any Structured Query Language (SQL). It is serving data of several large international collaborations such as the Euclid space mission, the Dark Energy Survey (DES), the Physics of the Accelerating Universe Survey (PAUS) and the Marenostrum Institut de Ci\`encies de l'Espai (MICE) numerical simulations. While originally developed as a PostgreSQL relational database web frontend, this work describes the current version of CosmoHub, built on top of Apache Hive, which facilitates scalable reading, writing and managing huge datasets. As CosmoHub's datasets are seldomly modified, Hive it is a better fit. Over 60 TiB of catalogued information and $50 \times 10^9$ astronomical objects can be interactively explored using an integrated visualization tool which includes 1D histogram and 2D heatmap plots. In our current implementation, online exploration of datasets of $10^9$ objects can be done in a timescale of tens of seconds. Users can also download customized subsets of data in standard formats generated in few minutes

Study of the VHE Gamma Ray Emission from the AGN 1ES1959+650 with the HEGRA Cherenkov Telescope CT1

The BL Lac object 1ES1959+650 has been observed by the HEGRA Collaboration in the years 2000, 2001 and 2002. Here we report on the results obtained in 2002 with the standalone CT1 telescope. While the source has only shown weak TeV activity until mid-May 2002, significant TeV emission has been observed later in 2002. During 2002 the source has been monitored for about 200 hours, of which 30 hours data were taken under moonlight conditions. The signal from the ’dark ’ time 2002 data set showed a significance of 11σ. Preliminary results on the light curve and the spectrum of the 2002 ’dark ’ time data up to 45 ◦ zenith angle are presented. 1

Role of Fungal Avirulant Pathogens in Defense Response of Strawberry

The development of alternative strategies for the biocontrol of diseases requires the understanding of mechanisms induced in plants during the interaction with pathogens. In this paper we review the advances obtained by our group regarding the induction of the defense response and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in strawberry plants mediated by two avirulent fungal isolates of Colletotrichum fragariae and Acremonium strictum. Evaluation of plant susceptibility showed that plants treated with both isolates acquired a strong resistance against the virulent isolate M11 of Colletotrichum acutatum the casual agent of anthracnose disease. Plants treated with the avirulent strains exhibited an early oxidative burst detected as the accumulation of H2O2 and O2. -, that is followed by an accumulation of salicylic acid (SA), callose and lignin. The up-regulation of two genes related to SAR: i) FaPR1, a SA-regulated Pathogenesis Related Protein (PR protein), and ii) FaPAL3, an enzyme involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway and the synthesis of many defense-related secondary metabolites including SA was observed. The up-regulation of FaPR1 gene during the first 48 hpt (hours post treatment) was correlated to the increase of salicylic acid in the phloematic sap of infected plants. At 48 hpt the upregulation of the transcripts of two Calmodulin-like genes (FaCML1 and FaCML2) and a glutathione transferase gene (FaGST), which are critical regulators of defense responses, were also observed. Finaly, the characterization of the fungal elicitor AsES obtained from cultures of A. strictum is reported. Plants treated with the elicitor exhibited a similar behaviour as those treated with the avirulent isolates.Fil: Diaz Ricci, Juan Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Grellet Bournonville, Carlos Froilan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Chalfoun, Nadia Regina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Tonello, Ursula María del Valle. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Martos, Gustavo Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Hael Conrad, Verónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Perato, Silvia Marisa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Martinez Zamora, Martin Gustavo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentin

Computing Challenges for the Einstein Telescope project

The discovery of gravitational waves, first observed in September 2015 following the merger of a binary black hole system, has already revolutionised our understanding of the Universe. This was further enhanced in August 2017, when the coalescence of a binary neutron star system was observed both with gravitational waves and a variety of electromagnetic counterparts; this joint observation marked the beginning of gravitational multimessenger astronomy. The Einstein Telescope, a proposed next-generation ground-based gravitational-wave observatory, will dramatically increase the sensitivity to sources: the number of observations of gravitational waves is expected to increase from roughly 100 per year to roughly 100’000 per year, and signals may be visible for hours at a time, given the low frequency cutoff of the planned instrument. This increase in the number of observed events, and the duration with which they are observed, is hugely beneficial to the scientific goals of the community but poses a number of significant computing challenges. Moreover, the currently used computing algorithms do not scale to this new environment, both in terms of the amount of resources required and the speed with which each signal must be characterised. This contribution will discuss the Einstein Telescope's computing challenges, and the activities that are underway to prepare for them. Available computing resources and technologies will greatly evolve in the years ahead, and those working to develop the Einstein Telescope data analysis algorithms will need to take this into account. It will also be important to factor into the initial development of the experiment's computing model the availability of huge parallel HPC systems and ubiquitous Cloud computing; the design of the model will also, for the first time, include the environmental impact as one of the optimisation metrics